TABLE 3.
Association of diabetes status with HCC
| Predictor | SHR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | 1.18 | 1.13–1.24 |
| Etiology of cirrhosis | ||
| MASLD | Ref | — |
| Alcohol | 1.22 | 1.12–1.34 |
| Alcohol/HCV | 2.94 | 2.52–3.44 |
| HCV | 2.94 | 2.54–3.42 |
| HBV | 1.47 | 1.14–1.88 |
| Other | 1.06 | 0.88–1.27 |
| HCV treatment status | ||
| Non-HCV cirrhosis | Ref | — |
| HCV treated by DAA, cleared | 0.13 | 0.11–0.15 |
| HCV cleared (non-DAA) | 0.05 | 0.03–0.07 |
| HCV treated by DAA, not cleared | No est | No est |
| HCV not treated, not cleared | 2.34 | 2.04–2.67 |
| Baseline CTP class | ||
| A | Ref | — |
| B | 0.59 | 0.56–0.63 |
| C | 0.46 | 0.40–0.53 |
| Statin use | 0.69 | 0.65–0.73 |
| AUDIT-C | ||
| Low risk | Ref | — |
| Moderate risk | 0.95 | 0.87–1.04 |
| High risk | 0.90 | 0.80–1.01 |
| Severe risk | 0.76 | 0.70–0.83 |
| Age (per y) | 1.01 | 1.01–1.01 |
| Male sex | 1.83 | 1.51–2.21 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | — |
| Black | 0.94 | 0.89–1.00 |
| Asian | 1.23 | 1.02–1.48 |
| Hispanic | 1.04 | 0.96–1.13 |
| Native American | 1.12 | 0.92–1.37 |
| Other | 0.84 | 0.77–0.91 |
| BMI (per point increase) | 1.01 | 1.01–1.01 |
| Tobacco use | ||
| Never | Ref | — |
| Former | 1.05 | 0.99–1.11 |
| Current | 1.00 | 0.94–1.06 |
| Annual primary care visits | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 |
| Annual GI/hepatology visits | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 |
Note: Missing data for covariables was present as follows: HCV treatment status, n = 38, AUDIT-C, n = 291, smoking status, n = 1136, BMI n = 292.
Abbreviations: AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption; BMI, body mass index; CTP Child-Turcotte-Pugh; DAA, direct-acting antivirals; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease; SHR, subdistribution HR.