TABLE 2. Likelihood of having a mental health visit during the study and annualized rates of mental health visits.

Characteristic	Likelihood of having a mental health visita		Annualized rate of mental health visitsb
	OR	95% CI	Rate ratio	95% CI
Language preference and ethnicity (reference: non-Hispanic White)
English-preferring Hispanic	.69	.61–.77	.88	.77–1.01
Spanish-preferring Hispanic	.65	.54–.78	.59	.46–.76
Sex (reference: female)
Male	.94	.88–.99	1.20	1.10–1.31
Insurance (reference: no insurance)
Private	.58	.46–.74	1.29	1.06–1.58
Private and public	.93	.73–1.19	1.22	.99–1.50
Public	.88	.70–1.10	1.36	1.11–1.66
N of primary care visits per year (reference: 1–3 visits per year)
<1	.52	.45–.59	.29	.25–.35
>3–5	1.68	1.59–1.78	1.95	1.88–2.03
>5	2.96	2.61–3.36	10.60	9.27–12.2
Federal poverty level (reference: ≤138%)
>138%	.90	.82–.99	.86	.79–.93
Missing	.80	.66–.98	.80	.66–.97
PHQ-9 score (reference: 0)
Not recorded	.70	.59–.83	1.18	.98–1.41
<9c	2.32	2.07–2.60	1.18	1.08–1.30
≥9d	4.26	3.73–4.86	1.23	1.09–1.39
Substance use disorder history	1.76	1.67–1.86	1.15	1.09–1.22
Buprenorphine prescription	1.34	1.07–1.67	1.26	.93–1.70
Smoking status (reference: current smoker)
Unknown	.57	.45–.71	2.63	2.18–3.18
Former	.96	.91–1.01	.98	.92–1.05
Never	.84	.80–.89	.95	.89–1.00
Secondhand	.94	.78–1.13	.80	.65–.98
Modified Elixhauser Comorbidity Index conditions (reference: 0)
1	1.02	.97–1.06	.83	.79–.87
2	1.03	.97–1.11	.72	.68–.77
>2	.97	.88–1.08	.61	.52–.70
Age at first encounter	.98	.98–.99	1.00	1.00–1.00

^aEstimated with logistic regression.

^bEstimated with Poisson regression.

^cIndicating no or mild depression.

^dIndicating moderate to severe depression.