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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Diet Suppl. 2023 Oct 4;21(3):281–293. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2263566

Table 2.

Effect of different grades of waters on Immulina EC50. EC50 is the concentration (ng/mL) of Immulina material required to induce activation for the TLR2/TLR1 signaling pathway to levels 50% of those achieved by Pam3CSK4 (100 ng/mL). No statistically significant differences in activity were observed. Values represent mean EC50 values calculated from triplicate dose response determinations.

Type of water EC50 value ± SD
Endotoxin-free 1280 ± 110
Deionized 1340 ± 470
Milli-Q 1090 ± 110