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Modes of DJF. 9
| 1. Progressive loss of lumbar lordosis, disc degeneration with loss of height |
| 2. Acute wedging in disc below instrumentation |
| 3. Fracture of distal instrumented vertebra |
| 4. Osteoporotic fracture below long rigid fixation |
| 5. Failure of instrumentation at most distal level |
| 6. Spinal stenosis and/or segmental instability below instrumentation |
Abbreviation: DJF, distal junctional failures.
