TABLE 3.

Comparison of radiographic and clinical assessment between patients with or without DJF

	Patients with DJF (n = 13)	Patients without DJF (n = 65)	p‐value
Age (years)	66.9 ± 5.3	60.8 ± 6.1	0.001*
Gender (F/M)	9/4	53/12	0.531
Body mass index (kg/m2)	26.5 ± 4.1	25.0 ± 3.4	0.168
BMD T‐value	−2.9 ± 1.6	−2.5 ± 1.6	0.460
CT HU	90.2 ± 57.0	116.6 ± 41.9	0.039*
Osteoporosis (Y/N)	9/4	33/32	0.223
Hypertension	2/11	20/45	0.330
Diabetes	2/11	3/62	0.192
Other complications	1.1 ± 1.6	1.0 ± 1.2	0.966
Fusion levels	5.2 ± 1.7	5.2 ± 1.9	0.914
Follow‐up (months)	56.3 ± 20.6	34.8 ± 12.5	0.010*
Osteotomy
PCO	2	7	0.670
Grade 3/4	11	58
LIV
OV + 2	3	19	0.649
OV + 3	8	28
OV+ more than 3 levels	2	18
Operation time (minutes)	286.00 ± 68.18	256.83 ± 70.63	0.176
Estimated blood loss (mL)	1546.15 ± 1022.75	896.92 ± 511.35	0.043*
TK (°)
Preoperatively	37.7 ± 17.1	37.4$\pm$ 17.6	0.953
Postoperatively	30.5 ± 14.1	27.7$\pm$ 19.7	0.641
At final follow‐up	29.4 ± 14.9	29.9$\pm$ 11.9	0.907
p‐value	0.222	0.010*
GK (°)
Preoperatively	62.5 ± 20.9	59.5 ± 16.5	0.566
Postoperatively	17.3 ± 9.5	20.6 ± 12.2	0.365
At final follow‐up	20.9 ± 13.4	21.1 ± 12.0	0.968
p‐value	<0.001*	<0.001*
Correction rate of GK (%)	73.2$\pm$ 11.2	66.4 ± 18.3	0.204
TLK (°)
Preoperatively	38.0 ± 17.1	45.1 ± 15.5	0.143
Postoperatively	14.7 ± 13.8	11.7 ± 9.7	0.473
At final follow‐up	14.9 ± 12.9	13.5 ± 8.8	0.652
Change in TLK	24.1 ± 16.3	31.9 ± 17.6	0.149
p‐value	<0.001*	<0.001*
LL (°)
Preoperatively	34.9 ± 19.0	33.1 ± 22.6	0.806
Postoperatively	36.7 ± 14.6	40.2 ± 18.7	0.531
At final follow‐up	35.9 ± 15.61	37.3 ± 14.0	0.472
p‐value	0.891	0.244
PI (°)
Preoperatively	51.1 ± 5.9	50.2 ± 12.1	0.711
Postoperatively	51.1 ± 6.0	52.0 ± 12.5	0.810
At final follow‐up	50.9 ± 6.1	49.5 ± 12.7	0.609
PT (°)
Preoperatively	30.2 ± 5.8	29.1 ± 11.0	0.618
Postoperatively	20.4 ± 4.7	21.8 ± 8.9	0.635
At final follow‐up	20.0 ± 3.1	22.1 ± 9.8	0.255
SS (°)
Preoperatively	20.9 ± 3.6	21.1 ± 7.7	0.865
Postoperatively	30.7 ± 4.4	30.3 ± 12.2	0.918
At final follow‐up	30.9 ± 5.5	27.5 ± 10.2	0.345
SVA (mm)
Preoperatively	77.5 ± 55.0	36.3 ± 40.0	0.004*
Postoperatively	36.0 ± 20.5	25.6 ± 28.7	0.243
At final follow‐up	38.6 ± 23.0	28.5 ± 29.0	0.263
p‐value	0.040*	0.031*
Change in SVA	38.9 ± 50.8	7.8 ± 36.3	0.016*
T1PA (°)
Preoperatively	30.3 ± 18.7	30.0 ± 16.6	0.964
Postoperatively	24.0 ± 9.6	18.3 ± 10.1	0.085
At final follow‐up	24.3 ± 11.3	19.8 ± 12.5	0.279
p‐value	0.370	<0.001*
LIV‐PSVL (mm)
Preoperatively	−6.9 ± 33.1	−5.3 ± 20.2	0.877
Postoperatively	11.0 ± 28.9	14.5 ± 17.8	0.591
At final follow‐up	10.6 ± 23.9	11.1 ± 18.4	0.937
p‐value	0.196	<0.001*
ODI
Preoperatively	44.3 ± 15.3	42.4 ± 17.9	0.725
At final follow‐up	15.4 ± 10.1	8.5 ± 7.9	0.008*
p‐value	<0.001*	<0.001*
JOA
Preoperatively	16.5 ± 2.4	17.9 ± 4.9	0.137
At final follow‐up	24.5 ± 2.7	26.7 ± 2.1	0.016*
p‐value	<0.001*	<0.001*
VAS (back)
Preoperatively	7.2 ± 1.7	5.9 ± 1.8	0.020*
At final follow‐up	1.5 ± 1.5	0.5 ± 1.0	0.043*
p‐value	<0.001*	<0.001*
VAS (leg)
Preoperatively	1.2 ± 1.9	1.4 ± 2.4	0.674
Postoperatively	0.2 ± 0.6	0.1 ± 0.5	0.671
p‐value	0.020*	<0.001*

Note: Boldface values indicate p < 0.05.

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; DJF, distal junction failure; GK, general kyphosis; Grade 3/4, pedicle subtraction osteotomy and modified grade 4 osteotomy; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; LIV, lowest instrumented vertebrae; LIV‐PSVL, the distance from the center of the LIV to the posterior sacral vertical line; LL, lumbar lordosis; ODI, Oswestry disability index; OV, osteotomized vertebrae; PCO, posterior column osteotomy; PI, pelvic incidence; PT, pelvic tilt; SS, sacral slope; SVA, sagittal vertical axis; T1PA, T1 pelvic angle; TK, thoracic kyphosis; TLK, thoracolumbar kyphosis; VAS, visual analogue scale.