Table 2.

Nano-formulated active ingredients originated from CHMs for cancer immunotherapy.

Active ingredient	Carrier type	Loading method	Tumor model	Ref.
Astragaloside III	Mesoporous silica nanoparticle	Hydrophobic interaction	CT26 colon cancer	120
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide	Nanoparticle	Esterification reaction	MCF-7 human breast cancer	121
Astragalus polysaccharide	Nanoparticle	Esterification reaction	4T1 breast cancer	122
	Gold nanoparticle	Hydrophobic interaction	4T1 breast cancer	123
Celastrol	Polymeric nanoparticle	Hydrophobic interaction	D4M, BPD6 melanoma	124
	Nanoemulsion	Hydrophobic interaction	B16F10 melanoma	125
Curcumin	Nanofiber	Amidation reaction	LLC lung cancer	126
	Liposome	Hydrophobic interaction	C26 colon carcinoma	127
Camptothecin	Nanofiber	Esterification reaction	GL-261 brain cancer	128
Dihydrotanshinone I	Biomimetic nanoparticle	Hydrophobic interaction	Huh7, Hepa1-6 liver cancer	129
Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate	Polymeric nanoparticle	Esterification reaction	4T1 breast cancer	130
Ginsenoside Rg3	Liposome	Hydrophobic interaction	C6 glioma	131
Ginsenoside Rg3, quercetin	Cyclodextrin nanoparticle	Hydrophobic interaction	CT26, HCT116 colorectal cancer	132
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide	Gold nanoparticle	Au-SH interaction	4T1 breast cancer	133
Icaritin	Polymeric nanoparticle	Hydrophobic interaction	Huh7, Hepa1-6 liver cancer, B16 melanoma	134
Norcantharidin	Liposome	Hydrophobic interaction	H22 liver cancer	135
Puerarin	Nanoemulsion	Hydrophobic interaction	4T1 breast cancer	136
Podophyllotoxin	Lipid nanoparticle	Amidation reaction	H460 lung cancer	137
Quercetin, alantolactone	Polymeric micelle	Hydrophobic interaction	CT26-FL3 colorectal cancer	138
Silybin	Liposome	Hydrophobic interaction	4T1 breast cancer	139
Shikonin	Lactoferrin nanoparticle	Hydrophobic interaction	CT26 colon cancer	140
	Liposome	Hydrophobic interaction	B16F10 melanoma	141
	Polymeric micelle	Hydrophobic interaction	CT26 colon cancer	142
Silibinin	Polymeric nanoparticle	Hydrophobic interaction	4T1 breast cancer	143
Salvianolic acid B	Liposome	Hydrophobic interaction	4T1 breast cancer	144
Ursolic acid	Liposome	Hydrophobic interaction	4T1 breast cancer	145
	Excipient-free nanodrug	Hydrophobic, π–π stacking interactions	A549 lung cancer, Hela cervical cancer	146
Ursolic acid, lentinan	Excipient-free nanodrug	Hydrogen bond, van der Waals force	CT26 colon cancer	147