Table 2.
The correlation between iodine and PPARs.
| Iodine and PPARs | Object | Mechanisms | Year, references |
|---|---|---|---|
| PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) → RAI uptake↑ | Thyroid carcinoma patients | PPARγ expression increased in thyroid tissue | 2008, (65) |
| I2↑ → PPARγ↑ I2↑ → PPARα↓ |
Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 | I2 treatment generates 6-IL derivative of AA, 6-IL binds specifically and with high affinity to PPARs | 2009, (62) |
| I2↑ → PPARγ↑ I2↑ → PPARα↓ |
MUN induced mammary tumors in rats | The presence of AA and formation of its 6-IL derivative in tumoral mammary gland | 2009, (66) |
| I2↑or I−↑ → PPARγ↑ | DMBA induced mammary cancer in rats | Prevent estrogen-induced DNA adducts through PPARγ/caspases pathways | 2011, (67) |
| Iodine deprivation→PPARγ↑ | Trophoblastic Cells | Snail↑; MMP-9↑; GCM-1↓; hGC↓; PAPP-A↓; E-cadherin↓; |
2016, (68) |
| I2↑ → PPARγ↑ | HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells; NOD/SCID mice | CD49f, CK17, OCT-4, NANOG, SOX2 and KLF4↓ | 2018, (69) |
| I2↑ → PPARγ↑ | Women with early (stage II) and advanced (stage III) breast cancer | 2019, (70) |
PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; AA, arachidonic acid; 6-IL, 6-iodo-5-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid and the 6-iodolactone; RXRs, retinoic X receptors; RAI, radioiodine; MNU, methyl-nitrosourea; DMBA, dimethylbenz [a] anthracene; ROS, reactive oxygen species; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; GCM-1, glial cell missing-1; PAPP-A, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A.