Table 3.
Effect of PBM on diabetic retinopathy.
| Author/Year | Model | Wave (nm) | Light | PBM parameters | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmed 2021 (64) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
670 | Continuous laser | 5mW/cm², 90sec, 0.9J/cm² Frequency: 2 times a week, for 6 weeks Sites: 2, each eye, directly in eye |
Improve structure of inner nuclear layer and retinal pigmented epithelium ↓ anatomical abnormalities |
| Cheng 2018 (65) |
C57BL/6J mice Streptozotocin induced |
670 | Continuous LED | 25mW/cm², 240sec, 6J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 8 months Site: 1, back of the animal |
↓ degenerescence of retinal capillaries ↓ albumin accumulation in the inner nuclear and in the outer plexiform layers of the retina Preservation of spatial frequency threshold contrast sensitivity |
| Saliba 2015 (66) |
C57BL/6J mice Streptozotocin induced |
670 | Continuous LED | 20mW/cm², 240sec, 5J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 10 weeks Site: Total body |
↓ superoxyde in retina ↓ abnormalities induced in leukostasis No effect on contrast sensitivity |
| Tang 2013 (67) |
Lewis rat Streptozotocin induced |
670 | Continuous LED | 25mW/cm², 240sec, 6J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 10 weeks Site: total body |
↓ diabetes induced abnormality of retinal function and abnormalities of electroretinograms ↓ retinal ganglion cell death Inhibited leukostasis |
| Shen 2020 (68) | Human, n = 21 Diabetes Pre-Post ITV† |
670 | Continuous LED | 25-100-200mW/cm², 90sec, 2.25-9-18J/cm² Frequency: 12 sessions over 5 weeks Site: fundus contact lens |
↓ central macular thickness (100 and 200>25) No effect on visual acuity No adverse event |
| Eells 2017 (69) |
Human, n = 10 Diabetes RCT† |
670 | Unknown | 45mW/cm², 100sec, 4.5J/cm² Frequency: 3 consecutive days per week, for 8 weeks Sites: 2, each eye, directly in eye |
↓ central retinal thickness ↑ visual acuity (+ 6 letters) |
†: PBM in addition to the best standard of care, at the investigator discretion choice, LED, Light emitting diode; Pre-post ITV, Pre-post interventional trial; RCT, Randomized controlled trial.↑, increse; ↓, decrease.