Table 5.
Effect of PBM on exercise and muscle in T2D.
| Author/Year | Model | Wave (nm) | Light | PBM parameters | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| da Silva Tonetto 2023 (80) | Wistar rat Streptozotocin and diet induced |
660 | Continuous laser | 571mW/cm², 36.75sec, 21J/cm² Frequency: 5 days per week, for 6 weeks Sites: 2, medium and laterally of gastrocnemius |
↓ oxidative activity ↑ antioxidative activity (↑super oxide dismutase) |
| de Oliveira 2019 (41) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
660 | Continuous laser | 250mW/cm², 16sec, 2J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 3 weeks Site: 1, dorsal |
No effect on glucose concentration No effect on muscle parameters if PBM was not associated with exercise |
| Frigero 2018 (81) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
808 | Continuous laser | 107.1mW/cm², 44sec, 4.71J/cm² Frequency: 1/session of exercise Sites: 3, gastrocnemius |
↓ oxidative stress (↓ lactate, ↓ catalase, ↑ supe oxide dismutase) ↑ VO2 max and speed of run |
| Linares 2022 (42) |
Humain, n = 13 DT2 RCTT |
850 | Continuous LED | 375mW/cm², 140 to 1120 sec, 52.5-420J/cm² Frequency: 1/session of exercise Sites: 7, oblique and rectus abdomen, quadriceps femoris, triceps, hamstrings bilateral |
↓ glycemia and lactate 15min after PBM Improvement of cardiac parameters |
| Gobbi 2021 (82) |
Humain, n = 17 DT2 RCTø |
620 | Continuous LED | 52.86mW/cm², 96sec, 5.074J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 3 days Sites: 4, ankle flexor and extensor bilaterally |
No impact on muscular performance No impact on muscular functionality |
| 940 | Continuous LED | 33.7mW/cm², 106sec, 3.572J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 3 days Sites: 4, ankle flexor and extensor bilaterally |
No impact on muscular performance No impact on muscular functionality |
||
| 620 + 940 |
Continuous LED | Same parameters of 2 others | No impact on muscular performance No impact on muscular functionality |
||
| Milan-Mattos 2020 (43) |
Humain, n = 7 T2D RCTT |
850 | Continuous LED | 375mW/cm², 40sec, 15J/cm² ou 80sec, 30J/cm² Frequency: 1/session of exercise Sites: 2, quadriceps and triceps bilaterally |
No impact on baroreflex during or after exercise No impact of PBM on cardiovascular autonomic control |
| Francisco 2019 (83) |
Humain, n = 16 T2D RCTT |
850 | Continuous LED | 375mW/cm², 40sec, 15J/cm² Frequency: 1/session of exercise Sites: 2, quadriceps and triceps bilaterally |
No impact of PBM on lactate concentration No impact on cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic adjustments |
T, no other treatment for pain; ø, no information provided about other treatment during the study; LED, light emitting diode; PBM, photobiomodulation; RCT, Randomized controlled trial; T2D, Type 2 diabetes.↑, increse; ↓, decrease.