Table 7.
Effect of PBM on healing of bone defect.
| Author/Year | Model | Wave (nm) | Light | PBM parameters | Conclusions | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dalirsani 2021 (125) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
660 | Continuous laser | 76.4mW/cm², 24sec, 7.2J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 14 days Site: 1, direct contact |
↑ bone formation ↓ inflammation ↑ vascularization |
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| 802 | Continuous laser | 127.32mW/cm², 14sec, 7J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 14 days Site: 1, direct contact |
↓ inflammation ↑ vascularization |
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| Lee 2021 (126) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
660 | Continuous laser | 2.42mW/cm², 1652sec, 4J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 12 weeks Site: 1, near to the bone defect place |
↑ bone formation ↑ bone fracture healing No effect on osteogenic factor |
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| Diker 2019 (127) |
SD rat Streptozotocin induced |
808 | Continuous laser | 3.5W/cm², 22sec, 78.5J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 3 days Site: 1, direct contact |
↑ bone formation ↑ osteoblasts |
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| Gomes 2018 (128) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
780 | Continuous laser | 16W/cm², 10, 20 or 40sec, 160, 320 or 640J/cm² Frequency: every 2 days, for 21 days Site: 1, direct contact |
Only or 640J/cm²: Better maintenance of periodontal tissue subjected to a force | |||||||||
| Mostafavinia 2018 (129) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
890 | Pulsed laser | 1.5W/cm², 1300sec, 1.5J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 4 weeks Sites: 3, direct contact |
↑ bone formation ↑ bone cortical volume ↑ bone trabecular volume ↑ osteoblasts and osteocytes |
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| Mostafavinia 2017 (130) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
890 | Pulsed laser | 8.32W/cm², 1300sec, 1.5J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 4 weeks Sites: 3, direct contact |
↑ bone density | |||||||||
| Yildirimturk 2017 (131) |
SD rat Streptozotocin induced |
820 | Continuous laser | 0.5W/cm², 32sec, 16J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 4 weeks Site: 1, tibiae, direct contact |
↑ bone formation ↑ vascularization No effect of osteoblast quantity |
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| Patrocínio Silva 2016 (132) | Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
808 | Continuous laser | 3.57W/cm², 33sec, 120J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 8 weeks Site: 1, direct contact |
↑ bone density ↑ bone mineral content stiffness ↑ cortical tibia area |
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| Magri 2015 (133) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
808 | Continuous laser | 3.57mW/cm², 8 or 16 or 33sec, 30, 60 or 120J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 4 weeks Sites: 2, direct contact |
↑ bone formation No histological effect |
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| Nascimento 2015 (134) |
Wistar rat Alloxan induced |
780 | Continuous laser | 1.75W/cm², 10sec, 17.5J/cm² Frequency: every 2 days, for 7 days Site: 1, direct contact |
↑ bone formation ↓ inflammation ↑ alkaline phosphatase |
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| Patrocínio Silva 2014 (135) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
808 | Continuous laser | 3.57W/cm², 33sec, 120J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 6 weeks Sites: 4, direct contact |
↑ bone density ↑ cortical area ↑ values of fracture force ↑ osteogenic potential |
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| Akyol 2010 (136) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
808 | Continuous laser | 100mW/cm², 20sec, 2J/cm² Frequency: every 2 days, for 7 days Site: 1, right distal epiphysis |
↑ bone repair ↑ substantia spongia formation No effect on union bone marrow |
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| Abdi 2009 (137) |
Wistar rat Alloxan induced |
780 | Continuous laser | 318mW/cm², 1166sec, 369,4J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 6 weeks Sites: 2, direct contact |
No effect on bone repair | |||||||||
| Bayat 2009 (138) | Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
632.8 | Continuous laser | 3.17mW/cm², 90 or 1200sec, 88.6 or 382.2J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 14 days Sites: 4, direct contact |
↑ bone density ↑ bone lamella meshwork ↑ maximum force and load at the break ↓ bend stiffness |
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| Javadieh 2009 (139) |
Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced |
890 | Pulsed laser | 265 or 530sec, 5 or 10J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 6 weeks Sites: 2, direct contact |
↑ bone repair ↑ bending stiffness ↑ maximum force |
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| Attia 2023 (140) | Human, n = 40 T2D RCTø |
808 | Continuous laser | 125mW/cm², 1.23min, 0,15J/cm² Frequency: 2 times, pre and post implantation Sites: 6, direct contact |
↑ bone repair and density ↑ bone structure |
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ø: no information provided about other treatment during the study. Rat SD, Rat Sprague Dawley; RCT, Randomized controlled trial; T2D, Type 2 diabetes.↑, increse; ↓, decrease.