Table 8.
Effect of PBM on chronic diabetes periodontitis.
| Author/Year | Model | Wave (nm) | Light | PBM parameters | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kamatham 2022 (34) |
Human, n = 60 T2D RCTT |
650 | Continuous laser | 0.4W* Frequency: 1 session Site: 1/tooth, in contact with gingival tissue |
↓ inflammation ↓ calprotectin No effect on probing depth, clinical attachment level |
| Pulivarthi 2022 (35) |
Human, n = 30 T2D RCT† |
650 | Continuous laser | 0.8W/cm², 15sec, 12J/cm² Frequency: once a day, for 8 weeks Sites: 3, in contact with gingival tissue |
No effect on TNFα No effect on bleeding index, probing depth, clinical attachment level |
| Mrasori 2021 (141) |
Human, n = 80 T2D RCT† |
660 | Continuous laser | 10mW*, 8min Frequency: 5 days per week, for 3 months Sites: 5, in contact with gingival tissue |
↓ IL6 |
| Soi 2021 (142) | Human, n = 44 T2D RCT† |
940 | Pulsed laser | 0.8W*, 15sec, 24J* Frequency: unknown Sites: 2/tooth, into the periodontal pocket |
No effect of adjunction of PBM to SRP (scaling and root planning) |
| Koçak 2020 (36) |
Human, n = 60 T2D RCT† |
940 | Pulsed laser | 1.061W/cm², 20sec Frequency: 1 session Sites: 2/tooth, intra periodontal pocket |
No effect on bacteria level (P.gingivalis, T.forsythia, T.denticola) |
| Özberk 2020 (143) |
Human, n = 22 T2D RCT† |
980 | Continuous laser | 33mW/cm², 15sec, 0.5J/cm² Frequency: day 0, 1, 3 and 7 Sites: 2/tooth, in contact with maxilla and mandibula |
↓ probing depth (2.9 vs. 2.6 mm) ↓ clinical attachment level (3.0 vs. 2.8 mm) No effect on plaque index and gingival index |
| Castro dos Santos 2019 (144) |
Human, n = 24 T2D RCT† (on pocket) |
660 | Continuous laser | 1.1W/cm², 20sec, 22J/cm² Frequency: 1 session Sites: 2, buccal and lingual |
No effect on probing depth, clinical attachment level |
| Chandra 2019 (145) |
Human, n = 40 T2D RCT† |
808 | Continuous laser | 1.5-1.8W/cm², time in second Frequency: 1 session Site: 1, intra periodontal pocket |
↓ plaque index (1.56 vs. 1.26) ↓ gingival index (1.56 vs. 1.04) ↓ probing depth (2.63 vs. 1.80) ↓ clinical attachment level (7.50 vs. 6.65) ↓ bacteria level (35% more reduction with PBM) |
| Dengizek Eltas 2019 (146) |
Human, n = 40 T2D RCT† |
810 | Continuous laser | 1W*, 15-20sec Frequency: once a day Sites: 3/tooth |
↓ gingival index (0.91 vs. 0.58) ↓ bleeding on probing (31.7 vs. 24.7%) ↓ probing depth (2.99 vs. 2.77mm) No effect on plaque index, clinical attachment level and inflammation (CRP) |
| Li 2018 (147) | Human, n = 80 T2D RCT† |
Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ↓level of TNF, IL-1, LPS Increase leptin |
| Demirturk-Gocgun 2017 (148) |
Human, n = 22 T2D RCT† (on pocket) |
808 | Continuous laser | 0.89W/cm², 5sec, 4.46J/cm² Frequency: Day 1, 2 and 7 Sites: 4, in contact with gingival tissue |
No effect on bleeding of probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index |
| Koçak 2016 (37) |
Human, n = 60 T2D RCT† |
940 | Pulsed laser | 1.061W/cm², 20sec Frequency: 1 session Sites: 2/tooth, intra periodontal pocket |
↓ VCAM No effect on IL1/6/8/ICAM |
| Javed 2015 (149) | Human, n = 22 T2D RCT† (on pocket) |
1064 | Pulsed laser | 1430W/cm², 60 to 120sec (depending of the accessibility of the pocket), 240-480J* Frequency: unknown Site: 1/tooth, into the periodontal pocket |
↓ plaque index (6.4 vs. 1.5) at 1 month, not 3 months ↓ bleeding probing (5.5 vs. 2.1) at 1 month, not 3 months |
| Obradović 2013 (38) |
Human, n = 300 T1D, T2D RCT† |
670 | Continuous laser | 2mW/cm², 16min, 2J/cm² Frequency: once a day for 5 days Site: 1, in contact with gingival tissue |
↓ alteration of periodontium (histologic description) |
| Obradović 2012 (39) |
Human, n = 200 T1D, T2D RCT† (on pocket) |
670 | Continuous laser | 5mW*, 14min Frequency: once a day, for 5 days Site: 1, in contact with the jaws |
↓ gingival index (0.31 vs. 0.16) ↓ inflammation ↑ cytomorphometric parameters |
| Obradović 2011 (40) | Human, n = 150 T1D, T2D Pre-Post ITV† |
Unknown | Unknown | 5mW* Frequency: for 5 days Site: only right site of the jaw |
↓ gingival index (data not available) ↓ nuclei areal |
T: no other treatment for pain, †: PBM in addition to non-surgical periodontal treatment (i.e. scaling and root planning, ultrasonic periodontal debridement), CRP: C reactive protein, ICAM: Intercellular adhesion molecule, IL: Interleukin, LPS: lipopolysaccharide, PBM: photobiomodulation, Pre-post ITV: Pre-post interventional trial, RCT: Randomized controlled trial, SRP: scaling and root planning, T1D: Type 1 diabetes, T2D: Type 2 diabetes, TNF: Tumor necrosis factor, VCAM: Vascular cell adhesion molecule, *Surface of PBM not reported.↑, increse; ↓, decrease.