Table 9.

Effect of PBM on other complications.

Author/Year	Model	Wave (nm)	Light	PBM parameters	Conclusions
Yang 2023 (152)	SD rat Streptozotocin induced	808	Laser	4J/cm² Frequency: for 2 weeks Site: Unknown	↑ erectile function ↑ mitochondrial function and morphology ↓ oxidative stress
Asghari 2016 (153)	Wistar rat Streptozotocin induced	685	Continuous laser	53.6mW/cm², 60sec, 3.2J/cm² Frequency: H0, H1, H2 Sites: 6, direct contact with skin	↓ ischemia-reperfusion injury ↓ plasma creatinine ↓ tubular dilatation, glomerular atrophy ↑ glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase
Aghamohamdi 2020 (154)	Human, n = 30 Diabetes Pre-Post ITV†	830	Pulsed laser	334mW*, 60sec, 16J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 4 weeks Sites: 9, pathway of facial nerve, direct skin contact	Recovery in electromyogram in diabetic patient with Bell’s palsy
		980	Pulsed LED	9min, 5J/cm² Frequency: 3 times a week, for 4 weeks Sites: 9, pathway of facial nerve, direct skin contact

^†: PBM in addition to the best standard of care, LED, Light emitting diode; Pre-Post ITV, Pre-post interventional trial. *Surface of PBM not reported.↑, increse; ↓, decrease.