Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of SHHS in all-cause and CVD death.
| Characteristics | Total n = 4,824 | Alive (n = 3,707) | All-Cause Death (n = 1,117) | CVD Death (n = 338) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 63.9 ± 11.1 | 61.0 ± 10.1 | 73.4 ± 8.8 | 75.6 ± 7.5 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Men | 2,250 (46.6) | 1,650 (44.5) | 600 (53.7) | 187 (55.3) |
| Women | 2,574 (53.4) | 2,057 (55.5) | 517 (46.3) | 151 (44.7) |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 4,207 (87.2) | 3,227 (87.1) | 980 (87.7) | 290 (85.8) |
| Non-Caucasian | 617 (12.8) | 480 (12.9) | 137 (12.3) | 48 (14.2) |
| Body weight, n (%) | ||||
| Obesity | 1,475 (30.7) | 1,177 (31.9) | 298 (26.7) | 83 (24.6) |
| Overweight | 2,041 (42.4) | 1,571 (42.5) | 470 (42.2) | 154 (45.6) |
| Normal | 1,294 (26.9) | 947 (25.6) | 347 (31.1) | 101 (29.8) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Current | 452 (9.4) | 346 (9.4) | 106 (9.4) | 22 (6.5) |
| Former | 2,126 (44.2) | 1,571 (42.5) | 555 (49.9) | 167 (49.6) |
| Never | 2,234 (46.4) | 1,780 (48.1) | 454 (40.7) | 148 (43.9) |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 1,948 (43.2) | 1,557 (45.5) | 391 (36.1) | 102 (30.8) |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| MI | 318 (6.6) | 155 (4.2) | 163 (14.6) | 79 (23.4) |
| CHF | 132 (2.7) | 38 (1.0) | 94 (8.4) | 41 (12.1) |
| Stroke | 147 (3.0) | 80 (2.2) | 67 (6.0) | 25 (7.4) |
| COPD | 56 (1.2) | 29 (0.8) | 27 (2.5) | 4 (1.2) |
| Chronic bronchitis | 270 (5.7) | 184 (5.0) | 86 (7.9) | 19 (5.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 350 (7.4) | 182 (5.0) | 168 (15.3) | 74 (22.1) |
| Hypertension | 1,937 (40.2) | 1,262 (34.0) | 675 (60.4) | 238 (70.4) |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, n (%) | 605 (12.6) | 447 (12.1) | 158 (14.2) | 57 (17.0) |
| Benzodiazepine use, n (%) | 273 (5.7) | 183 (4.9) | 90 (8.1) | 29 (8.6) |
| Insomnia symptom, n (%) | 187 (3.9) | 136 (3.7) | 51 (4.7) | 17 (5.0) |
| Sleep duration, h | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 1.4 |
| Sleep timing | ||||
| Bedtime, pm | 11.0 ± 1.1 | 11.0 ± 1.0 | 11.1 ± 1.3 | 11.1 ± 1.3 |
| Wake-up time, am | 6.5 ± 1.1 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 6.7 ± 1.2 |
| Sleep midpoint, am | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.0 |
| AHI, events/h | 10.1 ± 13.4 | 9.5 ± 12.8 | 12.4 ± 15.1 | 12.4 ± 14.2 |
| T90, % | 3.6 ± 10.6 | 2.8 ± 8.6 | 6.4 ± 15.3 | 6.4 ± 16.2 |
| Follow-up time, year | 10.7 ± 3.0 | 11.9 ± 1.7 | 6.9 ± 3.2 | 6.9 ± 3.3 |
Results are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).
AHI = apnea-hypopnea index, CHF = congestive heart failure, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD = cardiovascular disease, MI = myocardial infarction, SHHS = Sleep Heart Health Study, T90 = percent time below oxygen desaturation 90%.