Table 3.
HRs and 95% CIs for sleep timing (bedtime, wake-up time, sleep midpoint) associated with all-cause mortality.
| Sleep Timing | SHHS | MrOS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Adjusted | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Adjusted | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Bedtime | ||||||||
| > 12:00 am | 1.76 (1.49–2.09) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.28–1.84) | < .001 | 1.25 (1.12–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.27 (1.01–1.58) | .038 |
| ≤ 10:00 pm | 1.45 (1.26–1.67) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.05–1.44) | .009 | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 0.423 | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | .222 |
| 10:01 pm–12:00 am | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Wake-up time | ||||||||
| > 8:00 am | 2.04 (1.68–2.48) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.13–1.72) | .002 | 1.51 (1.29–1.77) | <0.001 | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | .076 |
| ≤ 6:00 am | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | 0.638 | 1.09 (0.94–1.25) | .254 | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | 0.885 | 1.12 (0.98–1.28) | .090 |
| 6:01 am–8:00 am | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Sleep midpoint | ||||||||
| > 4:00 am | 1.90 (1.58–2.29) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.14–1.69) | .001 | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | 0.001 | 1.24 (1.01–1.52) | .038 |
| ≤ 2:00 am | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) | 0.216 | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | .159 | 1.10 (0.98–1.25) | 0.115 | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | .132 |
| 2:01 am–4:00 am | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Multivariable adjusted by age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, AHI, T90, benzodiazepine use, lipid-lowering medication use, history of MI, CHF, stroke/cerebrovascular disease, COPD, and chronic bronchitis, insomnia symptom, and sleep duration.
AHI = apnea-hypopnea index, BMI = body mass index, CHF = congestive heart failure, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR = hazard ratio, MI = myocardial infarction, MrOS = Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, SHHS = Sleep Heart Health Study, T90 = percent time below oxygen desaturation 90%.