Table 4.

HRs and 95% CIs for sleep timing (bedtime, wake-up time, sleep midpoint) associated with CVD mortality.

Sleep Timing	SHHS				MrOS
	Univariable Analysis		Multivariable Adjusted		Univariable Analysis		Multivariable Adjusted
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Bedtime
> 12:00 am	2.16 (1.62–2.87)	<0.001	1.70 (1.24–2.34)	.001	1.10 (0.78–1.56)	0.574	1.26 (0.85–1.86)	.247
≤ 10:00 pm	1.49 (1.14–1.93)	0.003	1.28 (0.96–1.71)	.098	1.37 (1.14–1.65)	0.001	1.15 (0.94–1.42)	.179
10:01 pm–12:00 am	1		1		1		1
Wake-up time
> 8:00 am	2.12 (1.50–3.02)	<0.001	1.25 (0.85–1.84)	.257	1.73 (1.33–2.24)	<0.001	1.19 (0.88–1.60)	.261
≤ 6:00 am	1.00 (0.79–1.25)	0.972	1.17 (0.91–1.51)	.226	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.775	1.25 (1.00–1.56)	.052
6:01 am–8:00 am	1		1		1		1
Sleep midpoint
> 4:00 am	2.08 (1.51–2.88)	<0.001	1.43 (1.01–2.01)	.041	1.54 (1.13–2.08)	0.006	1.27 (0.90–1.79)	.178
≤ 2:00 am	1.05 (0.81–1.38)	0.704	1.10 (0.84–1.46)	.486	1.31 (1.07–1.60)	0.008	1.36 (1.10–1.68)	.004
2:01 am–4:00 am	1		1		1		1

Multivariable adjusted by age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, AHI, T90, benzodiazepine use, lipid-lowering medication use, history of MI, CHF, stroke/cerebrovascular disease, COPD, and chronic bronchitis, insomnia symptom, and sleep duration.

AHI = apnea-hypopnea index, BMI = body mass index, CHF = congestive heart failure, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD = cardiovascular disease, HR = hazard ratio, MI = myocardial infarction, MrOS = Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, SHHS = Sleep Heart Health Study, T90 = percent time below oxygen desaturation 90%.