Table 4.
Results of the ITT repeated measures ANOVAs.
Pre-intervention – post-intervention (T1 – T2) | Pre-intervention – follow-up I (T1 – T3) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group effect | Time effect | Interaction effect | Group effect | Time effect | Interaction effect | |||||||||||||
Outcome | F | p | ηp2 | F | p | ηp2 | F | p | ηp2 | F | p | ηp2 | F | p | ηp2 | F | p | ηp2 |
Mindfulness | ||||||||||||||||||
Observing | 0.73 | 0.535 | 0.01 | 5.47 | 0.020 | 0.03 | 1.35 | 0.261 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.915 | 0.00 | 7.56 | 0.007 | 0.04 | 0.52 | 0.670 | 0.01 |
Describing | 1.31 | 0.273 | 0.02 | 21.94 | <0.001 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.836 | 0.01 | 1.79 | 0.151 | 0.03 | 18.13 | <0.001 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.951 | 0.00 |
Acting awareness | 0.58 | 0.628 | 0.01 | 4.17 | 0.043 | 0.02 | 2.12 | 0.099 | 0.04 | 1.99 | 0.117 | 0.03 | 18.95 | <0.001 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.932 | 0.00 |
Non-judging | 0.45 | 0.717 | 0.01 | 28.20 | <0.001 | 0.14 | 1.05 | 0.373 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.869 | 0.00 | 51.24 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 1.53 | 0.210 | 0.03 |
Non-reactivity | 0.85 | 0.466 | 0.02 | 58.58 | <0.001 | 0.25 | 1.01 | 0.390 | 0.02 | 0.53 | 0.666 | 0.01 | 54.33 | <0.001 | 0.24 | 1.68 | 0.174 | 0.03 |
Mindfulness characteristics | ||||||||||||||||||
Body awareness | 0.59 | 0.621 | 0.01 | 37.35 | <0.001 | 0.18 | 0.44 | 0.726 | 0.01 | 0.77 | 0.512 | 0.01 | 16.93 | <0.001 | 0.09 | 1.40 | 0.244 | 0.02 |
Non-attachment | 0.77 | 0.511 | 0.01 | 3.34 | 0.070 | 0.02 | 0.49 | 0.689 | 0.01 | 0.48 | 0.694 | 0.01 | 10.44 | 0.001 | 0.06 | 0.62 | 0.605 | 0.01 |
Emotional regulation | ||||||||||||||||||
Reappraisal | 0.32 | 0.812 | 0.01 | 3.27 | 0.072 | 0.02 | 0.67 | 0.575 | 0.01 | 0.45 | 0.715 | 0.01 | 16.07 | <0.001 | 0.09 | 1.58 | 0.196 | 0.03 |
Acceptance | 0.29 | 0.833 | 0.01 | 8.95 | 0.003 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.928 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.947 | 0.00 | 11.83 | <0.001 | 0.06 | 0.51 | 0.677 | 0.01 |
Rumination | 0.63 | 0.594 | 0.01 | 37.59 | <0.001 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.769 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.845 | 0.01 | 45.68 | <0.001 | 0.21 | 0.52 | 0.669 | 0.01 |
Mental health | ||||||||||||||||||
Depression | 0.26 | 0.857 | 0.00 | 3.20 | 0.075 | 0.02 | 1.50 | 0.215 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.988 | 0.00 | 7.01 | 0.009 | 0.04 | 2.59 | 0.054 | 0.04 |
Anxiety | 0.30 | 0.824 | 0.01 | 7.74 | 0.006 | 0.04 | 1.38 | 0.250 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.815 | 0.01 | 30.19 | <0.001 | 0.15 | 1.14 | 0.335 | 0.02 |
Stress | 0.18 | 0.911 | 0.00 | 17.35 | <0.001 | 0.09 | 2.37 | 0.072 | 0.04 | 0.86 | 0.463 | 0.02 | 33.95 | <0.001 | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.755 | 0.01 |
Attentional abilities | ||||||||||||||||||
Concentration | 0.16 | 0.923 | 0.00 | 211.35 | <0.001 | 0.55 | 3.16 | 0.026 | 0.05 | 0.63 | 0.599 | 0.01 | 93.86 | <0.001 | 0.35 | 0.75 | 0.525 | 0.01 |
Working accuracy | 0.24 | 0.866 | 0.00 | 78.10 | <0.001 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.703 | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.690 | 0.01 | 23.01 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.766 | 0.01 |
Working speed | 0.29 | 0.835 | 0.01 | 92.39 | <0.001 | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.627 | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.802 | 0.01 | 44.27 | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.45 | 0.719 | 0.01 |
Pre-intervention – follow-up II (T1 – T4) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group effect | Time effect | Interaction effect | |||||||
Outcome | F | p | ηp2 | F | p | ηp2 | F | p | ηp2 |
Mindfulness | |||||||||
Observing | 0.08 | 0.969 | 00 | 4.29 | 0.040 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.883 | 0.00 |
Describing | 2.51 | 0.061 | 0.04 | 49.27 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.997 | 0.00 |
Acting awareness | 0.78 | 0.504 | 0.01 | 4.62 | 0.033 | 0.03 | 1.37 | 0.253 | 0.02 |
Non-judging | 0.42 | 0.737 | 0.01 | 13.23 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.32 | 0.810 | 0.01 |
Non-reactivity | 0.86 | 0.465 | 0.02 | 47.39 | <0.001 | 0.22 | 2.24 | 0.085 | 0.04 |
Mindfulness characteristics | |||||||||
Body awareness | 0.34 | 0.796 | 0.01 | 51.40 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 1.65 | 0.180 | 0.03 |
Non-attachment | 0.58 | 0.630 | 0.01 | 1.82 | 0.180 | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.774 | 0.01 |
Emotional regulation | |||||||||
Reappraisal | 0.28 | 0.843 | 0.01 | 15.93 | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 0.522 | 0.01 |
Acceptance | 0.76 | 0.517 | 0.01 | 9.26 | 0.003 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.837 | 0.01 |
Rumination | 0.36 | 0.785 | 0.01 | 19.25 | <0.001 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.900 | 0.00 |
Mental health | |||||||||
Depression | 1.09 | 0.356 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.648 | 0.00 | 1.65 | 0.181 | 0.03 |
Anxiety | 0.94 | 0.422 | 0.02 | 3.30 | 0.071 | 0.02 | 0.89 | 0.447 | 0.02 |
Stress | 0.58 | 0.626 | 0.01 | 12.67 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 1.01 | 0.391 | 0.02 |
Attentional abilities | |||||||||
Concentration | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Working accuracy | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Working speed | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Bold values represent the statistically significant results.