Table 5.
Results of the regression analyses: pre-test – post-test (T1 – T2).
| Mindfulness + app group | Mindfulness group | App group | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | B | SE | ß | t | p | B | SE | ß | t | p | B | SE | ß | t | p |
| Mindfulness | |||||||||||||||
| Observing | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.85 | 0.202 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.59 | 0.279 |
| Form. homework | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.32 | 0.377 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.22 | 1.45 | 0.078 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Describing | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01 | −0.06 | 0.477 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 1.53 | 0.068 |
| Form. homework | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.413 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.44 | 3.05 | 0.002 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Acting awareness | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.06 | −0.40 | 0.346 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 2.05 | 0.023 |
| Form. homework | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.40 | 0.347 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0.300 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Non-judging | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.24 | 1.59 | 0.060 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.488 |
| Form. homework | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.49 | 0.316 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.78 | 0.220 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Non-reactivity | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.456 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.04 | −0.27 | 0.395 |
| Form. homework | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.32 | 0.377 | −0.05 | 0.07 | −0.10 | −0.64 | 0.262 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mindfulness characteristics | |||||||||||||||
| Body awareness | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 1.91 | 0.032 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 1.83 | 0.037 |
| Form. homework | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 1.55 | 0.065 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 1.51 | 0.070 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Non-attachment | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.04 | −0.25 | 0.402 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.458 |
| Form. homework | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.77 | 0.223 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.79 | 0.216 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Emotional regulation | |||||||||||||||
| Reappraisal | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.06 | −0.40 | 0.346 | – | – | – | – | – | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.15 | −0.96 | 0.171 |
| Form. homework | −0.05 | 0.07 | −0.11 | −0.68 | 0.249 | −0.03 | 0.08 | −0.06 | −0.35 | 0.365 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Acceptance | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.445 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.50 | 0.309 |
| Form. homework | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.80 | 0.213 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.58 | 0.282 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rumination | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 1.40 | 0.084 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01 | −0.07 | 0.474 |
| Form. homework | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.13 | −0.85 | 0.202 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 1.16 | 0.127 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mental health | |||||||||||||||
| Depression | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 1.13 | 0.133 | – | – | – | – | – | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.25 | −1.68 | 0.051 |
| Form. homework | −0.17 | 0.07 | −0.35 | −2.35 | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.471 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Anxiety | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.73 | 0.235 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.416 |
| Form. homework | −0.09 | 0.07 | −0.19 | −1.24 | 0.111 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 1.67 | 0.052 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stress | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 1.71 | 0.047 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 1.84 | 0.037 |
| Form. homework | −0.13 | 0.06 | −0.30 | −1.99 | 0.027 | −0.06 | 0.06 | −0.17 | −1.07 | 0.145 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Attentional abilities | |||||||||||||||
| Concentration | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.20 | −1.29 | 0.102 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.05 | −0.29 | 0.386 |
| Form. homework | −0.09 | 0.08 | −0.16 | −1.04 | 0.152 | −0.03 | 0.07 | −0.07 | −0.43 | 0.337 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Working accuracy | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.18 | −1.18 | 0.123 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.89 | 0.189 |
| Form. homework | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.460 | −0.04 | 0.07 | −0.10 | −0.61 | 0.274 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Working Speed | |||||||||||||||
| App 7Mind use | −0.03 | 0.01 | −0.08 | −0.51 | 0.308 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.01 | −0.09 | 0.463 |
| Form. homework | −0.04 | 0.07 | −0.10 | −0.65 | 0.260 | −0.04 | 0.07 | −0.09 | −0.60 | 0.277 | – | – | – | – | – |
Form. Homework, formal mindfulness home practice during the intervention; app use during the intervention. Bold values represent the statistically significant results.