Table 7.

Criteria of nociplastic pain and comparison of similarity/dissimilarity with other painful disorders

Nociplastic pain		Possible (① + ②)	① Pain
			② Evoked hypersensitivity in the region of pain
		Probable (All from ① to ④)	③ Pain hypersensitivity to touch, pressure, movement, or heat/cold
			④ Presence of comorbidities
Other painful disorders			Similarities	Dissimilarities
Neuropathic pain : From the history, physical examination, and confirmatory test, pain should originate from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, including visceral organs			All from ① to ④	Absence of hypersensitivity to special senses, such as sound, light, or odor
				Presence of definite confirmatory test for neuropathic pain in the somatosensory system
Functional pain syndrome	Fibromyalgia : WPI ≥ 7 and SSSS ≥ 5 or WPI 4–6 and SSSS ≥ 9		① and ④	② and ③
	Irritable bowel syndrome : recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort with ① improvement with defecation, ② onset associated with a change in stool frequency, or ③ onset associated with a change in stool form
Central sensitization pain : allodynia, hyperalgesia, expansion of receptive field, and prolonged pain after removal of a stimulus			All from ① to ④	None
Psychogenic pain : ① unclear onset and poorly localized pain, ② changes of pain intensity according to patients’ mood, ③ pain relief by antidepressants and sedatives, ④ insomnia, and ⑤ association with neurotic disorders or personality disorders			① + ④	② + ③

WPI: widespread pain index, SSS: symptom severity scale score.