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. 2024 Mar 29;7(1):5–51. doi: 10.1002/agm2.12294

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Pathway of non‐insulin therapies for older T2DM patients with established/high risk of ASCVD, HF, or CKD. AGI, α‐glycosidase inhibitor; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DPP‑4i, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor; GLP‐1RA, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HF, heart failure; MET, metformin; SGLT‐2i, sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; SU, sulfonylureas; T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus; TZD, thiazolidinediones. *As DPP‐4is and GLP‐1RAs are both incretin drugs, glinides and SU are both insulin secretagogues; therefore, combination therapies of DPP‐4i and GLP‐1RA or glinides and SU should be avoided. #Drugs with evidence for clinical benefits should be preferred. The pathway is intended for elderly patients with good (Group 1) and intermediate (Group 2) health status.