Table 2.
Univariate associations of categorical variables for 14-day and 28-day mortality in patients with Burkholderia cepacia complex
| Parameters | Total n=87n (%) | 14-day outcome |
28-day outcome |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality n=36 n (%) | Survival n=51 n (%) | p | Mortality n=46 n (%) | Survival n=41 n (%) | p | ||
|
Gender
| |||||||
| Male | 52 (59.8) | 18 (50.0) | 34 (66.7) | 0.071 | 24 (52.2) | 28 (68.3) | 0.128 |
| Female | 35 (40.2) | 18 (50.0) | 17 (33.3) | 22 (47.8) | 13 (31.7) | ||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 59.0±18.3 | 61.9±18.7 | 57.0±12.9 | 0.231 | 61.4±16.9 | 56.3±19.5 | 0.208 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (23.0) | 6 (16.7) | 14 (27.5) | 0.242 | 9 (19.6) | 11 (26.8) | 0.424 |
| Hypertension | 24 (27.6) | 11 (30.6) | 13 (25.5) | 0.605 | 13 (28.3) | 11 (26.8) | 0.882 |
| Coronary artery disease | 25 (28.7) | 8 (22.2) | 17 (33.3) | 0.262 | 12 (26.1) | 13 (31.7) | 0.565 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (6.9) | 4 (11.1) | 2 (3.9) | 0.195 | 5 (10.9) | 1 (2.4) | 0.124 |
| Asthma/COPD | 10 (11.5) | 5 (13.9) | 5 (9.8) | 0.559 | 6 (13.0) | 4 (9.8) | 0.633 |
| Malignancy | 11 (12.6) | 5 (13.9) | 6 (11.8) | 0.770 | 6 (13.0) | 5 (12.2) | 0.906 |
| COVID-19 co-infection | 31 (35.6) | 14 (38.9) | 17 (33.3) | 0.596 | 18 (39.1) | 13 (31.7) | 0.473 |
| Steroid use | 29 (33.3) | 11 (30.6) | 18 (35.3) | 0.646 | 14 (30.4) | 15 (36.6) | 0.546 |
| Use of immunosuppressive agents (non-steroid) | 15 (17.2) | 6 (16.7) | 9 (17.6) | 0.906 | 7 (15.2) | 8 (19.5) | 0.599 |
| Urinary catheterization | 78 (89.7) | 36 (100) | 42 (82.4) | 0.008 | 45 (97.8) | 33 (80.5) | 0.010 |
| Central venous catheter | 71 (81.6) | 36 (100) | 35 (68.6) | <0.001 | 46 (100) | 26 (61.0) | <0.001 |
|
Type of inpatient unit | |||||||
| General/Surgery ward | 18 (20.7) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (35.3) | <0.001 | 1 (2.2) | 17 (51.5) | <0.001 |
| Intensive care unit | 69 (79.3) | 36 (100) | 33 (64.7) | 45 (97.8) | 24 (58.5) | ||
| Time from hospitalization to the onset of infection (mean ± SD) | 19.1±10.4 | 16.4±6.7 | 20.9±12.1 | 0.071 | 17.1±7.2 | 21.3±12.9 | 0.141 |
| Bacteremia | 21 (24.1) | 8 (22.22) | 13 (25.5) | 0.727 | 13 (28.3) | 8 (19.5) | 0.344 |
| Overall pneumonia | 61 (70.1) | 27 (75.0) | 34 (66.7) | 0.406 | 32 (69.6) | 29 (70.7) | 0.906 |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 51 (58.6) | 25 (69.4) | 26 (51.0) | 0.087 | 30 (65.2) | 21 (51.2) | 0.188 |
| Pneumonia | 10 (11.5) | 2 (5.6) | 8 (15.7) | 0.147 | 2 (4.3) | 8 (19.5) | 0.027 |
| Other infections | 5 (5.7) | 1 (2.85) | 4 (7.8) | 0.320 | 1 (2.2) | 4 (9.8) | 0.132 |
| Appropriate empirical treatment | 44 (50.6) | 16 (44.4) | 28 (54.9) | 0.339 | 23 (50.0) | 21 (51.2) | 0.910 |
| Co-infection | 44 (50.6) | 18 (50.0) | 26 (51.0) | 0.929 | 24 (52.2) | 20 (48.8) | 0.753 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 16 (18.4) | 7 (19.4) | 9 (17.6) | 0.832 | 8 (17.4) | 8 (19.5) | 0.800 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 10 (11.5) | 5 (13.9) | 5 (9.8) | 0.559 | 5 (10.9) | 5 (12.2) | 0.847 |
| Enterococcus spp. | 8 (9.2) | 2 (5.6) | 6 (11.8) | 0.326 | 3 (6.5) | 5 (12.2) | 0.363 |
|
Antimicrobial susceptibility | |||||||
| Meropenem (n=72) | |||||||
| Susceptible | 36 (50.0) | 12 (44.4) | 24 (53.3) | 0.694 | 15 (44.1) | 21 (55.3) | 0.635 |
| Intermediate | 6 (8.3) | 3 (11.1) | 3 (6.7) | 3 (8.8) | 3 (7.9) | ||
| Resistant | 30 (41.7) | 12 (44.4) | 18 (40.0) | 16 (47.1) | 14 (36.8) | ||
|
TMP-SXT (n=83) | |||||||
| Susceptible | 62 (74.7) | 25 (75.8) | 37 (74.0) | 0.590 | 33 (76.7) | 29 (72.5) | 0.417 |
| Intermediate | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Resistant | 20 (24.1) | 8 (24.2) | 12 (24.0) | 9 (20.9) | 11 (27.5) | ||
|
Levofloxacin (n=74) | |||||||
| Susceptible | 52 (70.3) | 21 (70.0) | 31 (70.5) | 0.921 | 27 (71.1) | 25 (69.4) | 0.990 |
| Intermediate | 4 (5.4) | 2 (6.7) | 2 (4.5) | 2 (5.3) | 2 (5.6) | ||
| Resistant | 18 (24.3) | 7 (23.3) | 11 (25.0) | 9 (23.7) | 9 (25.0) | ||
|
Ceftazidime (n=77) | |||||||
| Susceptible | 18 (23.4) | 5 (16.7) | 13 (27.7) | 0.277 | 8 (21.1) | 10 (25.6) | 0.634 |
| Intermediate | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Resistant | 59 (76.6) | 25 (83.3) | 34 (72.3) | 30 (78.9) | 29 (74.4) | ||
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, TMP-SXT: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, SD: Standard deviation.