Table 3.
Multivariable-Adjusted Associations of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics that are Available in Routine Clinical Practice With eGFRdiff Category in the UK Biobank (Clinical Model)
| Predictor | Multivariable-adjusted Modela |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower eGFRcys vs Concordant Category |
Lower eGFRcr vs Concordant Category |
|||
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 1.40 (1.39-1.41) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.66-0.68) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | ||
| Male | 0.70 (0.68-0.71) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.98-1.06) | 0.33 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Black | 0.36 (0.33-0.40) | <0.001 | 5.88 (5.50-6.29) | <0.001 |
| East Asian/Southeast Asian | 0.53 (0.45-0.62) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.69-1.11) | 0.27 |
| South Asian | 2.44 (2.31-2.57) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.50-0.71) | <0.001 |
| Other | 1.00 (0.94-1.05) | 0.91 | 1.32 (1.20-1.45) | <0.001 |
| Lifestyle | ||||
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | Ref | Ref | ||
| Previous | 1.07 (1.05-1.08) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.91-0.97) | <0.001 |
| Current | 2.95 (2.88-3.02) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.56-0.64) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 1.23 (1.18-1.28) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.61-0.76) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1.32 (1.29-1.35) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.84-0.91) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 1.14 (1.11-1.18) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.85-0.97) | 0.005 |
| Physical/laboratory measures | ||||
| SBP | 0.98 (0.97-0.99) | 0.001 | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.314 |
| HbA1c | 1.04 (1.03-1.05) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.93-0.97) | <0.001 |
| BUN | 0.92 (0.91-0.93) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.40-1.44) | <0.001 |
| Calcium | 1.01 (1.01-1.02) | 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01-1.04) | 0.005 |
| HDL | 0.68 (0.67-0.68) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.17-1.21) | <0.001 |
| LDL | 1.06 (1.05-1.07) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.88-0.91) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides | 1.12 (1.11-1.13) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 0.91 |
| Hemoglobin | 1.09 (1.08-1.10) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.94-0.98) | <0.001 |
| UACR, mg/g | ||||
| <30 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 30-300 | 1.24 (1.19-1.28) | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.50-0.62) | <0.001 |
| >300 | 1.53 (1.36-1.71) | <0.001 | 0.10 (0.07-0.16) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CI, confidence interval; eGFRcr, creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFRcys, cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio.
Multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for all predictors listed in Table 2. The lower eGFRcys category comprised individuals with eGFRdiff < −15, the concordant category served as the reference and comprised individuals with eGFRdiff between −15 and 15, and the lower eGFRcr category comprised individuals with eGFRdiff ≥ 15.