Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios (per 1-unit change) for Participant Characteristics, Knee Biomechanics, and Cutting Technique Variable a
| Secondary Ipsilateral ACL Injury (n = 55; 6 with a new secondary ipsilateral ACL injury and 49 without) | Secondary Contralateral ACL Injury (n = 58; 8 with a new secondary contralateral ACL injury and 50 without) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for Sport | Adjusted for Time Since Injury | Adjusted for Sport | Adjusted for Time Since Injury | |||||
| Risk Factor | Adjustment Factor | Risk Factor | Adjustment Factor | Risk Factor | Adjustment Factor | Risk Factor | Adjustment Factor | |
| Age, y | 0.84 (0.64-1.10) | 3.43 (0.55-21.23) | 0.81 (0.57-1.15) | 0.24 (0.06-1.01) | 1.07 (0.90-1.28) | 0.99 (0.21-4.63) | 1.11 (0.91-1.35) | 0.83 (0.57-1.19) |
| Body mass, kg | 1.16 b (1.02-1.33) | 9.39 b (1.03-85.78) | 1.09 (0.96-1.23) | 0.32 (0.10-1.00) | 1.10 (0.97-1.24) | 2.06 (0.32-13.32) | 1.07 (0.96-1.19) | 0.89 (0.62-1.28) |
| Height, cm | 1.36 b (1.02-1.82) | 28.99 b (1.41-598.21) | 1.13 (0.96-1.33) | 0.28 b (0.08-0.99) | 1.03 (0.89-1.20) | 1.19 (0.19-7.62) | 1.03 (0.91-1.17) | 0.87 (0.61-1.24) |
| Knee flexion angle at IC, deg | 1.14 (0.95-1.37) | 0.81 (0.07-10.07) | 1.11 (0.96-1.28) | 0.26 (0.07-1.04) | 0.94 (0.83-1.07) | 1.87 (0.22-15.58) | 0.96 (0.87-1.05) | 0.86 (0.59-1.25) |
| Knee flexion angle peak, deg | 1.09 (0.96-1.23) | 2.17 (0.32-14.66) | 1.11 (0.98-1.27) | 0.22 b (0.05-1.00) | 0.94 (0.83-1.06) | 0.98 (0.21-4.66) | 0.93 (0.82-1.05) | 0.87 (0.62-1.24) |
| Knee abduction angle at IC, deg | 0.97 (0.79-1.18) | 3.35 (0.54-20.71) | 0.97 (0.76-1.22) | 0.28 b (0.08-0.98) | 1.14 (0.93-1.39) | 0.76 (0.16-3.68) | 1.15 (0.94-1.41) | 0.86 (0.61-1.23) |
| Knee abduction angle peak, deg | 1.00 (0.85-1.18) | 3.15 (0.52-19.27) | 0.98 (0.79-1.22) | 0.29 b (0.08-0.98) | 1.08 (0.92-1.26) | 1.09 (0.22-5.41) | 1.09 (0.94-1.26) | 0.86 (0.61-1.22) |
| Knee flexion moment peak, N·m/kg-1 | 0.42 (0.07-2.41) | 4.98 (0.51-49.14) | 0.42 (0.07-2.60) | 0.23 (0.05-1.14) | 0.94 (0.33-2.68) | 0.81 (0.17-3.85) | 1.00 (0.33-3.00) | 0.89 (0.63-1.26) |
| Knee abduction moment peak, N·m/kg-1 | 0.11 (0.01-2.85) | 10.26 (0.73-144.28) | 0.20 (0.01-4.36) | 0.20 (0.04-1.13) | 2.29 (0.57-9.23) | 0.79 (0.17-3.79) | 3.57 (0.68-18.90) | 0.84 (0.59-1.19) |
| Knee internal rotation moment peak, N·m/kg-1 | 13.69 (0.43-434.12) | 5.27 (0.52-53.04) | 17.64 (0.22-1442.42) | 0.20 (0.03-1.18) | 0.70 (0.03-18.67) | 0.79 (0.16-3.86) | 1.15 (0.04-36.46) | 0.89 (0.63-1.26) |
| Cutting angle, deg | 1.06 (0.98-1.14) | 0.89 (0.06-13.15) | 1.04 (0.99-1.09) | 0.32 (0.10-1.08) | 1.00 (0.96-1.05) | 0.90 (0.17-4.68) | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) | 0.88 (0.62-1.25) |
| Approach speed at IC, m·s-1 | 0.64 (0.03-14.02) | 2.54 (0.20-33.14) | 0.55 (0.05-6.61) | 0.29 b (0.09-0.99) | 0.30 (0.03-2.94) | 0.45 (0.05-3.73) | 0.68 (0.12-3.92) | 0.90 (0.63-1.29) |
a
Values are expressed as odds ratio (95% CI). The analyses adjusted either for the effect of sport (handball or soccer) or for the effect of the time that had passed from the injury to the testing day (in years). ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; IC, initial contact.
b
Odds ratio significantly (P≤ .05) different from 1.