Table 1.
Sample characteristics of children of immigrant and US-born mothers, 2015–2018.
| Overall, n (%) | US-born mothers, n (%) | Immigrant mothers, n (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | ||||
| Pediatric visits | 50 119 | 27 458 (54.79) | 22 661 (45.21) | |
| Unique children | 10 974 | 6427 (58.57) | 4493 (40.94) | |
| Site | <.0001 | |||
| Boston | 16 545 (33.01) | 8411 (30.63) | 8134 (35.89) | |
| Little Rock | 19 240 (38.39) | 15 401 (56.09) | 3839 (16.94) | |
| Minneapolis | 14 334 (28.60) | 3646 (13.28) | 10 688 (47.16) | |
| Child characteristics | ||||
| Mean (SD) age at sample entry, mo | 38.19 (33.78) | 37.65 (33.51) | 38.84 (33.10) | <.0001 |
| Mean (SD) age, mo | 50.01 (34.03) | 49.53 (33.81) | 50.58 (34.29) | .0003 |
| Health insurance | <.0001 | |||
| Public | 42 760 (85.65) | 22 577 (82.44) | 20 183 (89.54) | |
| No insurance | 2795 (5.60) | 1443 (5.27) | 1352 (6.00) | |
| Private | 4370 (8.75) | 3365 (12.29) | 1005 (4.46) | |
| Outpatient health care utilization pattern | ||||
| Consistent utilization | 702 (2.89) | 702 (2.56) | 748 (3.30) | <.0001 |
| Inconsistent utilization | 45 776 (91.33) | 24 889 (90.64) | 20 887 (92.17) | |
| Early utilization only | 1679 (3.35) | 1065 (3.88) | 614 (2.71) | |
| Sample entry only (dropouts) | 755 (1.51) | 513 (1.87) | 242 (1.07) | |
| Early utilization, left, and returned | 459 (0.92) | 289 (1.05) | 170 (0.75) | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Mean (SD) age, y | 28.90 (6.33) | 27.42 (6.01) | 30.69 (6.24) | <.0001 |
| Education | <.0001 | |||
| Less than high school diploma | 13 395 (26.79) | 3967 (14.47) | 9428 (41.75) | |
| High school diploma | 17 453 (34.90) | 9649 (34.19) | 7804 (34.56) | |
| Education beyond high school | 19 157 (38.31) | 13 805 (50.34) | 5352 (23.70) | |
| Marital status | <.0001 | |||
| Single | 18 419 (36.79) | 13 521 (49.28) | 4898 (21.65) | |
| Married/partnered | 23 064 (46.07) | 9982 (36.38) | 13 082 (57.82) | |
| Separated/divorced | 8577 (17.13) | 3932 (14.33) | 4645 (20.53) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.0001 | |||
| Latina | 19 691 (39.60) | 3737 (13.73) | 15 954 (70.83) | |
| Black, non-Latina | 19 691 (39.60) | 14 040 (51.60) | 5651 (25.09) | |
| White, non-Latina | 8491 (17.07) | 8214 (30.19) | 277 (1.23) | |
| Other/multiple races | 1858 (3.74) | 1217 (4.47) | 641 (2.85) | |
| Household characteristics | ||||
| One or more employed in household | 20 740 (41.46) | 12 635 (46.11) | 8105 (35.83) | <.0001 |
Column percentages are shown. Source: Authors’ analysis of Children's HealthWatch data, 2015–2018.