Figure 2.

Gaps between current and optimal levels of clinical resources and quality outcomes in accountable care organizations (ACOs), 2013–2021. Source: Authors’ analysis of data from the Medicare Shared Savings Program public use files from 2013 to 2021. Gap is defined as the difference between current and optimal levels in ACO clinical resources (inputs) and quality outcomes (outputs). Gap ratio is the normalized gap value over the current performance level. The length of the bar represents the gap ratio with the gap value in the parentheses. The yellow bar represents ACO inputs while the blue bar represents ACO quality outcomes.