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. 2023 Aug 14;1(3):qxad033. doi: 10.1093/haschl/qxad033

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Project HOPE - The People-To-People Health Foundation, Inc.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Flow diagram showing how the sample of clinics was constructed, including reasons for exclusions (n = 852). Source: Authors’ analysis of call data. ^aWe excluded Veterans Affairs and Indian Health Service clinics, telehealth-only providers, and other organizations that served specific populations (eg, homeless individuals; those living with HIV/AIDS). ^bExcluded organizations included group practices that were not providing medication treatment (n = 36), organizations whose behavioral health services were limited to intensive outpatient or emergency care only (n = 12), and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) that provided behavioral health prescribing within primary care only (n = 17). ^cOne clinic was reached by 2 separate callers in the same language due to an administrative error, and thus was excluded from all analyses. ^dReasons for not being able to obtain appointment details varied depending on the language of the caller. For Spanish-language callers, reasons included not taking new patients (n = 38), being hung up on or told no Spanish speaker at clinic (n = 20), not able to connect with a person (n = 7), and clinic ineligibility due to no specialty outpatient behavioral health prescribing (n = 1). For English-language callers, reasons included not taking new patients (n = 44), not able to connect with a person (n = 13), and clinic ineligibility due to no specialty outpatient behavioral health prescribing (n = 9).