Figure 2.

Synergistic effect of vitamin D₃ and butyrate compounds on LL-37 and PGE2 in 3D cultures of gingival epithelial cells. OKF6/TERT-1 cells (A,B) or 3D air-liquid interface EpiGingiva cultures (C,D) were treated with vitamin D₃, PBA or NaB, or a combination for 24 h. Vitamin D₃ and butyrate were added to the medium in (A,B), and in 10 µl on the apical surface for (C,D). Total mRNA was isolated and relative LL-37 mRNA levels were quantified by QRT-PCR. Basolateral medium was removed, and PGE2 concentrations were quantified by ELISA (D) Data are shown as mean (n = 3) ±SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005, by t-test.