Fig 4.

Analyses of the mechanism underlying the antifungal activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against A. fumigatus. (A) Effect of A. fumigatus-hyphae on the secretion of IFN-γ by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were treated with Af293 (A. fumigatus)-hyphae, and the culture supernatants were examined for IFN-γ (*P = 0.042). (B) Effect of A. fumigatus-hyphae on the secretion of IFN-γ by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells stimulated with HMBPP. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were treated with HMBPP and Af293 (A. fumigatus)-hyphae, and the culture supernatants were examined for IFN-γ (*P = 0.0037; **P < 0.0001; ***P < 0.0001; ****P < 0.0001). (C) Effect of A. fumigatus-hyphae on the secretion of TNF-α by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were treated with Af293 (A. fumigatus)-hyphae, and the culture supernatants were examined for TNF-α (*P = 0.0014). (D) Effect of A. fumigatus-hyphae on the secretion of TNF-α by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells stimulated with HMBPP. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were treated with HMBPP and Af293 (A. fumigatus)-hyphae, and the culture supernatants were examined for TNF-α (*P < 0.0001; **P < 0.0001; ***P < 0.0001; ****P < 0.0001). (E) Effect of direct interaction between A. fumigatus-hyphae and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells on the antifungal activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and Af293 (A. fumigatus)-hyphae were cultured using a cell insert culture system, and the antifungal activity was determined (*P < 0.0001). (F) Effect of supernatants from the culture of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and A. fumigatus-hyphae on the antifungal activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Af293 (A. Fumigatus) was challenged by co-culture supernatants of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and Af293 (A. fumigatus)-hyphae, and the antifungal activity was determined (*P = 0.0002; **P = 0.0003). Data shown are representative of at least three independent experiments.