Fig 1.

The impact of (A) Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (0.05% wt/vol), (B) benzalkonium chloride (0. 5% wt/vol), (C) hydrogen peroxide (3% wt/vol), and (D) chlorhexidine digluconate (0.5% wt/vol) on phages. The data represent the mean of three biological replicates, and the phage titer is expressed in logarithmic form. Chemical disinfectants have different effects on phages. "Phage +disinfectant" stands for the experimental group, and "Phage" stands for the control group. All phages were incubated with chemical disinfectants at 37°C for 1 hour, and then the remaining viable phages were determined by plaque assays. The results showed some phages that could survive in the disinfectants. The experiment includes three biological replicates. The data are represented as means ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, determined by independent t-test.