Table 3.
Features in neonates with Stage 2 and 3 AKI by both serum creatinine and urine output.
| Total cohort n = 103 |
Severe AKI n = 60 |
Non-severe AKI n = 43 |
p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical presentation, n (%) | 103 | .036 | |||
| Abdominal distension | 92 (89.3%) | 57 (95%) | 35 (81.4%) | – | |
| Bloody stools | 8 (7.8%) | 3 (5%) | 5 (11.6%) | – | |
| Feeding intolerance | 3 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (7%) | – | |
| Radiological findings, n (%) | 103 | – | – | – | – |
| Pneumatosis | 48 (46.6%) | 31 (51.7%) | 17 (39.5%) | .224 | |
| Pneumoperitoneum | 55 (53.4%) | 27 (45%) | 28 (65.1%) | .044 | |
| Portal venous gas | 8 (7.8%) | 4 (6.7%) | 4 (9.3%) | .717 | |
| Age of NEC onset (days), median (IQR) | 103 | 10 (5, 23) | 14 (8, 23) | 7 (4, 13) | .004 |
| Fulminant NEC, n (%) | 103 | 19 (18.5%) | 9 (15%) | 10 (23.3%) | .287 |
| Present of penrose drain, n (%) | 98 | 41 (41.8%) | 20 (34.5%) | 21 (52.5%) | .076 |
| Surgery < 48 h, n (%) | 103 | 71 (68.9%) | 43 (71.7%) | 28 (65.1%) | .479 |
| Length of bowel resected (cm), median (IQR) | 101 | 12 (3.2, 28.8) | 14.9 (8, 32) | 4.25 (2, 27.2) | .011 |
| Region of bowel resected, n (%) | 91 | .040 | |||
| Small bowel resected | 58 (63.7%) | 38 (66.7%) | 20 (58.8%) | – | |
| Large bowel resected | 4 (4.4%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (11.8%) | – | |
| Combined large and Small bowel resected | 29 (31.9%) | 19 (33.3%) | 10 (29.4%) | – | |
| Presence of Ileocecal valve, n (%) | 102 | 73 (71.6%) | 39 (65%) | 34 (81%) | .079 |
| Surgical morbidity (infection, adhesions, strictures, dehiscence), n (%) | 103 | 39 (37.9%) | 25 (41.7%) | 14 (32.6%) | .347 |
| Single surgical morbidity (infection, adhesions, strictures, dehiscence), n (%) | 103 | 23 (22.3%) | 15 (25%) | 8 (18.6%) | .442 |
| More than one surgical morbidity (Infection, adhesions, strictures, dehiscence), n (%) | 103 | 13 (12.6%) | 8 (13.3%) | 5 (11.6%) | .797 |
| Adhesions, n (%) | 103 | 16 (15.5%) | 10 (16.7%) | 6 (14%) | .708 |
| Wound dehiscence, n (%) | 103 | 16 (15.5%) | 11 (18.3%) | 5 (11.6%) | .354 |
| Wound infection, n (%) | 103 | 7 (6.8%) | 6 (10%) | 1 (2.3%) | .234 |
| Stricture, n (%) | 103 | 8 (7.8%) | 5 (8.3%) | 3 (7%) | 1 |
| Fistula, n (%) | 103 | 6 (5.8%) | 5 (8.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | .397 |
| Compartment syndrome, n (%) | 103 | 2 (1.9%) | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 |
| Short bowel syndrome, n (%) | 86 | 43 (50%) | 30 (55.6%) | 13 (40.6%) | .181 |
NEC: necrotizing enterocolitis; AKI: acute kidney injury
Categorical variables are presented as count (column percentage). Continuous variables are presented as mean (standard deviation) and, if not normally distributed, as median with interquartile range. Continuous measures’ statistical associations with AKI were evaluated with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Differences in categorical measures’ associations were tested using the Chi-square test when expected cell counts were adequate; otherwise, Fisher’s Exact was used with low expected cell counts.
The bold value signifies the p value is less than 0.05.