Table 3. Main characteristics of confirmed leptospirosis cases by outcome, and adjusted predictors of fatal outcome, European Union/European Economic Areaa, 2010−2021.
| Characteristic | Non-fatal outcome | Fatal outcome | Univariable logistic regression | Multivariable logistic regressionb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | % | Number of cases | % | OR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
| Total | 5,026 | 97.4 | 135 | 2.6 | NA | NA | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 3,877 | 97.4 | 103 | 2.6 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 1,144 | 97.3 | 32 | 2.7 | 1.05 | 0.70–1.57 | 0.89 | 0.58–1.37 |
| Unknown | 5 | 100 | NA | NA | Not included | Not included | ||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | ||||||||
| < 20 | 383 | 99.7 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.11 | 0.02–0.86 | 0.15 | 0.02–1.10 |
| 20–29 | 761 | 99.2 | 6 | 0.8 | 0.35 | 0.14–0.8 | 0.46 | 0.18–1.15 |
| 30–39 | 799 | 98.9 | 9 | 1.1 | 0.50 | 0.23–1.09 | 0.53 | 0.24–1.18 |
| 40–49 | 924 | 97.8 | 21 | 2.2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 50–59 | 1,002 | 97.2 | 29 | 2.8 | 1.27 | 0.72–2.25 | 1.38 | 0.78–2.46 |
| 60–69 | 712 | 95.2 | 36 | 4.8 | 2.22 | 1.29–3.84 | 2.45 | 1.40–4.29 |
| 70–79 | 360 | 93.8 | 24 | 6.3 | 2.93 | 1.61–5.34 | 2.95 | 1.60–5.44 |
| ≥ 80 | 83 | 90.2 | 9 | 9.8 | 4.77 | 2.12–10.75 | 5.20 | 2.23–12.15 |
| Unknown | 2 | 100 | 0 | NA | Not included | Not included | ||
aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.
a Eighteen countries are included since none of the cases reported by Finland, France, Italy, Luxembourg and Sweden had information on outcome.
b Adjusted for year and reporting country.