Table 2.
Comparison of influenza-like illness positive, influenza-positive and influenza- negative patients.
|
Influenza-like illness (+) n=112 (%) |
Influenza (+) n=37 (%) |
Influenza (-) n=75 (%) |
p |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, median (IQR) |
68 (58.0-78) |
69.0 (57.5-80) |
68.0 (58.0-78.8) |
0.933 |
|
Gender female |
40 (35.7) |
11 (29.7) |
29 (38.7) |
0.353 |
|
Body mass index, median (IQR) |
26.0 (22-31) |
26 (22.5-31) |
26 (22-32) |
0.938 |
|
Smoking |
14 (12.5) |
6 (16.2) |
8 (10.6) |
0.52 |
|
Influenza-like illness symptoms | ||||
|
Cough |
96 (85.7) |
32 (86.4) |
64 (85.3) |
0.87 |
|
Dyspnea |
93 (83) |
31 (83.7) |
62 (82.6) |
0.882 |
|
Weakness |
85 (75.8) |
30 (81) |
55 (73.3) |
0.367 |
|
Fever |
63 (56.2) |
24 (64.8) |
39 (52) |
0.367 |
|
Sore throat |
44 (39.2) |
16 (43.2) |
28 (37.3) |
0.547 |
|
Myalgia |
35 (31.2) |
13 (35.1) |
22 (29.3) |
0.533 |
|
Headache |
47 (41.9) |
12 (32.4) |
35 (46.6) |
0.151 |
|
Symptom duration, median (IQR) |
4 (3-6) |
4 (3-5.5) |
5 (3-6) |
0.065 |
|
Comorbidities | ||||
|
Presence of at least one comorbid disease |
104 (92.8) |
32 (86.4) |
72 (96) |
0.076 |
|
Cardiovascular disease |
69 (61.6) |
25 (67.5) |
44 (58.6) |
0.362 |
|
DM |
29 (25.8) |
13 (35.1) |
16 (21.3) |
0.117 |
|
COPD |
34 (30.3) |
13 (35.1) |
21 (28) |
0.44 |
|
Solid organ malignancy |
22 (19.6) |
8 (21.6) |
14 (18.6) |
0.711 |
|
Asthma |
18 (16) |
6 (16.2) |
12 (16) |
0.977 |
|
Hematological malignancy |
11 (9.8) |
2 (5.4) |
9 (12) |
0.27 |
|
Neurological disease |
5 84.4) |
0 |
5 (6.6) |
- |
|
Kidney failure |
4 (3.5) |
0 |
4 (5.3) |
- |
|
Laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||
|
WBC, x103/μL |
9101 (6131-12,832) |
7752 (5918-11,694) |
9900 (6314-14,248) |
0.154 |
|
Neutrophil, x103/μL |
7053 (4290-10,039) |
6200 (4301-9137) |
7573 (4055-11,200) |
0.252 |
|
Lymphocyte, x103/μL |
1007 (500-1773) |
840 (473-1845) |
1200 (564-1746) |
0.221 |
|
Creatine kinase (n=80), U/L |
32 (47.2-200.2) |
210 (66.7-344.2) |
67.5 (41.0-123.2) |
0.002 |
|
ALT, U/L |
17 (12-26.7) |
24 (14.5-34) |
16 (11-21) |
0.002 |
|
AST, U/L |
22 (17-36) |
32 (20-51) |
20 (16-27) |
0.001 |
|
CRP (n=59), mg/L |
72 (27-160) |
70.5 (27.7-143) |
74 (26.5-163) |
0.919 |
|
Vaccination, treatment and outcome | ||||
|
Vaccinated in the same season |
28 (25) |
9 (24.3) |
19 (25.3) |
0.908 |
|
Vaccinated in the previous season |
32 (28.5) |
12 (32.4) |
20 (26.6) |
0.525 |
|
Antiviral use |
37 (33) |
15 (40.5) |
22 (29.3) |
0.236 |
|
Antibiotic use |
105 (93.7) |
37 (100) |
68 (90.6) |
0.055 |
|
Presence of pneumonia |
66 (58.9) |
19 (51.3) |
47 (62.6) |
0.252 |
|
Mechanical ventilation |
31 (27.6) |
14 (37.8) |
17 (22.6) |
0.091 |
|
Intensive care hospitalization |
20 (17.8) |
9 (24.3) |
11 (14.6) |
0.209 |
|
Exitus |
9 (8) |
4 (10.8) |
5 (6.6) |
0.448 |
IQR: Interquartile range, DM: Diabetes mellitus, COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WBC: White blood cell, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, CRP: C-reactive protein.