Table 1. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis included in the study.
| Variable | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of patients | 164 |
| Demographics: | |
| Age (months), median [IQR] | 4.8 [2.1, 10.9] |
| Gender (male/female), n (%) | 97/67 (59/41) |
| Weight (kg), median [IQR] | 7.0 [4.7, 8.7] |
| Gestational age, median [IQR] | 33.5 [32, 35.6] |
| Respiratory support upon PICU admission, n (%) | |
| RA | 24 (15) |
| NC | 63 (38) |
| HFNC | 71 (43) |
| NIPPV | 6 (4) |
| Escalation of respiratory support, n (%) | 34 (21) |
| Need for endotracheal intubation, n (%) | 11 (6.7) |
| Hours spent in room air, median [IQR] | 0 [0, 8] |
| Hours spent on NC, median [IQR] | 14 [5, 24] |
| Hours spent on HFNC, median [IQR] | 8 [0, 36] |
| Hours spent on NIPPV median [IQR] | 0 [0, 0] |
| Fluid balance: | |
| Net fluid balance at PICU admission (mL), median [IQR] | 101 [10, 497] |
| CFB at PICU admission (mL/kg), median [IQR] | 14.5 [1.3, 88] |
| FO% at PICU admission, median [IQR] | 1.4 [0.13, 8.8] |
| Medications | |
| Albuterol | 70 (43) |
| 3% Hypertonic saline | 8 (5) |
| Racemic epinephrine | 45 (27) |
| Steroids | 42 (25.6) |
| Antibiotics | 61 (37) |
| • Rule out sepsis (48 h duration) | 22 (13.4) |
| • Secondary pneumonia | 22 (13.4) |
| • Bacteremia | 1 (0) |
| • Acute otitis media | 14 (8.5) |
| PICU length of stay in days, median [IQR] | 1.8 [0.97, 3.0] |
| PRISM score, median [IQR] | 0 [0,0] |
| PIM 2 score, median [IQR] | −6.3 [−6.4, −6.1] |
Abbreviations: %, percentage; CFB, cumulative fluid balance; %FO, percentage fluid overload; HFNC, high flow nasal cannula; IQR, inter-quartile range; n , number of patients; NC, nasal cannula oxygen therapy; NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; RA, room air.