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. 2024 Apr 2;15:2845. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47063-4

Fig. 1. Construction and characterization of biomimetic NIR-II fluorescent proteins.

Fig. 1

a Schematic of NIR-II chromophore and NIR-II fluorescent proteins (FPs). b Brightness measurement of NIR-II FPs after CO-1080 installing into protein at various reaction temperatures (n = 5 independent samples per group). c NIR-II imaging and d fluorescence enhancement effect of the β-LG@CO-1080, BSA@CO-1080, and HSA@CO-1080 FPs (n = 5 independent samples per group). Theoretical simulation of CO-1080 binding to e β-LG, f BSA, and g HSA proteins by gliding docking mode. Comparison of h docking score and i binding energy between CO-1080 and three proteins, including β-LG, BSA, and HSA proteins. j Gel electrophoresis analysis of the β-LG@CO-1080, BSA@CO-1080, and HSA@CO-1080 FPs (n = 4 independent experiment). k Comparison of NIR-II brightness of HSA@CO-1080 FPs under different laser excitation (mean ± SD, n = 5 independent samples per group). l Fluorescence spectra of CO-1080 in DMSO solution, CO-1080 in PBS solution, and HSA@CO-1080 FPs under 1064 nm excitation. m Photostability of CO-1080 and HSA@CO-1080 FPs under 1064 nm excitation (mean ± SD, n = 3 independent samples per group). Protein structures were generated by the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.