Table 2.
Burden heritability regression for left-handedness shows the proportion of trait disposition due to rare, exonic variants considered over the whole genome
| All genes | TUBB4B excluded | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional group | Minor allele frequency (MAF) | Heritability | SE | Genes | Heritability | SE | Genes |
| Strict | MAF < 1 × 10−5 | 0.14% | 0.13% | 16891 | 0.16% | 0.13% | 16890 |
| Strict | 1 × 10−5 ≤ MAF < 1 × 10−3 | 0.32% | 0.14% | 16584 | 0.29% | 0.14% | 16583 |
| Strict | 1 × 10−3 ≤ MAF ≤ 1 × 10−2 | −0.04% | 0.10% | 6476 | −0.04% | 0.10% | 6476 |
| Strict | Aggregate | 0.41% | 0.24% | NA | 0.41% | 0.24% | – |
| Broad minus strict | MAF < 1 × 10−5 | 0.08% | 0.08% | 16952 | 0.09% | 0.08% | 16951 |
| Broad minus strict | 1 × 10−5 ≤ MAF < 1 × 10−3 | 0.18% | 0.10% | 16508 | 0.18% | 0.10% | 16508 |
| Broad minus strict | 1 × 10−3 ≤ MAF ≤ 1 × 10−2 | 0.24% | 0.12% | 5787 | 0.24% | 0.12% | 5787 |
| Broad minus strict | Aggregate | 0.50% | 0.17% | NA | 0.51% | 0.17% | – |
| All | Aggregate | 0.91% | 0.32% | NA | 0.92% | 0.32% | – |
Liability-scale heritability estimates are presented separately by variant functional groups and frequency bins, as well as aggregated. For this specific analysis (unlike the gene-based exome-wide association scan), the strict variants were removed from the broad set, in order to distinguish the contributions to heritability from disruptive versus more subtle variants. Results are shown before and after excluding TUBB4B. SE: standard error of the heritability estimate. “Genes” refers to the number of genes included in the analysis for a given variant frequency bin.