. 2024 Mar 20;12:1278046. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1278046

Table 2.

Baseline laboratory and imaging findings of patients admitted with COVID-19 infection (N = 1,560).

Characteristics	ICU admitted (n = 780)	Non-ICU admitted (n = 780)	p-value
Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR) White Blood Cells [x103/μL] Hemoglobin [g/dl] Platelet count [x103/μL] Absolute neutrophil count [x103/μL] Lymphocytes [x103/μL] Prothrombin time [sec]^a INR^a APTT [sec] ^a D-Dimer [mg/L] ^a Fibrinogen [g/L] ^a Serum creatinine [μmol/L] Albumin [g/L] Alanine aminotransferase [U/L] Aspartate transaminase [U/L] NT-ProBNP [pg/ml] ^a Troponin-T HS [ng/L] ^a C-reactive protein [mg/L] ^a Procalcitonin [ng/ml] ^a Lactic acid [mmol/l] ^a Lactate dehydrogenase [U/L] ^a Ferritin [μg/L] ^a Creatinine kinase [U/L] ^a HbA1c % ^a Cholesterol [mmol/L] ^a Triglyceride [mmol/L] ^a High density lipoprotein [mmol/L] ^a Low density lipoprotein [mmol/L] ^a	7.5 (4.6) 13.6 (2.4) 211 (101) 5.8 (4.2) 1 (0.6) 13 (2.6) 1.1 (0.2) 32.1 (6) 0.87 (1.4) 5.9 (3) 88 (35) 33 (8) 35.4 (32) 48 (40) 277.8 (987.7) 13 (31) 103.8 (133.6) 0.365 (0.8) 1.65 (1) 475.5 (230) 793 (921) 255 (464) 6.9 (2.7) 3.82 (1.7) 1.8 (1) 0.8 (0.5) 2.1 (2)	6.4 (2.9) 14.3 (2) 227 (108) 3.9 (2.6) 1.5 (1) 12.15 (2.7) 1.1 (0.2) 31.8 (5.4) 0.56 (0.7) 5 (2) 82 (21) 38 (6) 30 (24) 28 (23) 81 (732.2) 8 (6) 25.75 (59) 0.12 (0.2) 1.5 (0.9) 293 (164) 441 (498) 95 (103) 6.8 (2.4) 4.24 (1.7) 1.4 (1) 1 (0.4) 2.4 (1)	< 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ 0.395^§ < 0.001^§ 0.161^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ 0.013^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ 0.151^§ 0.003^§ < 0.001^§ < 0.001^§ 0.004^§
Imaging studies at admission X-ray, n (%) ^b Clear Ground glass opacity Consolidation Infiltrates Interstitial abnormalities Patchy Opacity Pleural effusion Others Direction of abnormality Bilateral Right Lung Left lung Computed tomography, n (%) ^c Clear Ground glass opacity Consolidation Infiltrates Interstitial abnormalities Patchy Opacity Pleural effusion Pulmonary Embolism Others Direction of abnormality Bilateral Right Lung Left lung	134 (17.2) 110 (14.1) 154 (19.8) 238 (30.6) 14 (1.8) 248 (31.8) 23 (3.0) 33 (4.2) 570 (73.2) 38 (4.9) 37 (4.7) 7 (4.5) 120 (77.4) 78 (50.3) 10 (6.5) 32 (20.6) 36 (23.2) 27 (17.4) 14 (9.0) 40 (26) 139 (89.7) 3 (1.9) 6 (3.9)	327 (42.2) 65 (8.4) 66 (8.5) 165 (21.3) 26 (3.4) 177 (22.8) 11 (1.4) 32 (4.1) 312 (40.3) 81 (10.5) 55 (7.1) 2 (10) 14 (70) 5 (25) 3 (15) 6 (30) 2 (10) 1 (5.0) 0 10 (50) 16 (80) 2 (10) 0	<0.001^¶ <0.001^¶ <0.001^¶ <0.001^¶ 0.005^¶ <0.001^¶ 0.039^¶ 0.205^¶ <0.001^¶ 0.296^¶ 0.461^¶ 0.033^¶ 0.170^¶ 0.424^¶ 0.177^¶ 0.154^¶ 0.161^¶ <0.001^¶ 0.110^¶

Characteristics

ICU admitted (n = 780)

Non-ICU admitted (n = 780)

p-value

Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR)

White Blood Cells [x103/μL]
Hemoglobin [g/dl]
Platelet count [x103/μL]
Absolute neutrophil count [x103/μL]
Lymphocytes [x103/μL]
Prothrombin time [sec]^a
INR^a
APTT [sec] ^a
D-Dimer [mg/L] ^a
Fibrinogen [g/L] ^a
Serum creatinine [μmol/L]
Albumin [g/L]
Alanine aminotransferase [U/L]
Aspartate transaminase [U/L]
NT-ProBNP [pg/ml] ^a
Troponin-T HS [ng/L] ^a
C-reactive protein [mg/L] ^a
Procalcitonin [ng/ml] ^a
Lactic acid [mmol/l] ^a
Lactate dehydrogenase [U/L] ^a
Ferritin [μg/L] ^a
Creatinine kinase [U/L] ^a
HbA1c % ^a
Cholesterol [mmol/L] ^a
Triglyceride [mmol/L] ^a
High density lipoprotein [mmol/L] ^a
Low density lipoprotein [mmol/L] ^a

7.5 (4.6)
13.6 (2.4)
211 (101)
5.8 (4.2)
1 (0.6)
13 (2.6)
1.1 (0.2)
32.1 (6)
0.87 (1.4)
5.9 (3)
88 (35)
33 (8)
35.4 (32)
48 (40)
277.8 (987.7)
13 (31)
103.8 (133.6)
0.365 (0.8)
1.65 (1)
475.5 (230)
793 (921)
255 (464)
6.9 (2.7)
3.82 (1.7)
1.8 (1)
0.8 (0.5)
2.1 (2)

6.4 (2.9)
14.3 (2)
227 (108)
3.9 (2.6)
1.5 (1)
12.15 (2.7)
1.1 (0.2)
31.8 (5.4)
0.56 (0.7)
5 (2)
82 (21)
38 (6)
30 (24)
28 (23)
81 (732.2)
8 (6)
25.75 (59)
0.12 (0.2)
1.5 (0.9)
293 (164)
441 (498)
95 (103)
6.8 (2.4)
4.24 (1.7)
1.4 (1)
1 (0.4)
2.4 (1)

< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
0.395^§
< 0.001^§
0.161^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
0.013^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
0.151^§
0.003^§
< 0.001^§
< 0.001^§
0.004^§

Imaging studies at admission X-ray, n (%) ^b

Clear
Ground glass opacity
Consolidation
Infiltrates
Interstitial abnormalities
Patchy Opacity
Pleural effusion
Others

Direction of abnormality

Bilateral
Right Lung
Left lung

Computed tomography, n (%) ^c

Clear
Ground glass opacity
Consolidation
Infiltrates
Interstitial abnormalities
Patchy Opacity
Pleural effusion
Pulmonary Embolism
Others

Direction of abnormality

Bilateral
Right Lung
Left lung

134 (17.2)
110 (14.1)
154 (19.8)
238 (30.6)
14 (1.8)
248 (31.8)
23 (3.0)
33 (4.2)
570 (73.2)
38 (4.9)
37 (4.7)
7 (4.5)
120 (77.4)
78 (50.3)
10 (6.5)
32 (20.6)
36 (23.2)
27 (17.4)
14 (9.0)
40 (26)
139 (89.7)
3 (1.9)
6 (3.9)

327 (42.2)
65 (8.4)
66 (8.5)
165 (21.3)
26 (3.4)
177 (22.8)
11 (1.4)
32 (4.1)
312 (40.3)
81 (10.5)
55 (7.1)
2 (10)
14 (70)
5 (25)
3 (15)
6 (30)
2 (10)
1 (5.0)
0
10 (50)
16 (80)
2 (10)
0

<0.001^¶
<0.001^¶
<0.001^¶
<0.001^¶
0.005^¶
<0.001^¶
0.039^¶
0.205^¶
<0.001^¶
0.296^¶
0.461^¶
0.033^¶
0.170^¶
0.424^¶
0.177^¶
0.154^¶
0.161^¶
<0.001^¶
0.110^¶

^§ p-value obtained using Mann–Whitney test; ^¶p-value obtained using Chi-square test; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; NT-proBNP, N-terminal-pro hormone BNP; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ^a have missing data; ^b 1 patient did not do an x-ray in ICU group and 5 in the non-ICU group; ^c 625 patients did not do CT in ICU group and 760 patients in the non-ICU group.