Table 1.
Patient demographics and clinical disease characteristics
| Variable | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (n = 148) |
Immunotherapy (n = 41) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, yr (standard deviation) | 62.29 (11.08) | 61.56 (11.14) | 0.710 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.063 | ||
| Female | 39 (26.4) | 5 (12.2) | |
| Male | 109 (73.6) | 36 (87.8) | |
| Median body mass index, kg/m2 (interquartile range) | 25.5 (23.0–29.2) | 26.1 (24.4–30.4) | 0.479 |
| ECOG PS score, n (%) | 0.037 | ||
| 0 | 83 (56.1) | 16 (39.0) | |
| 1 | 49 (33.1) | 17 (41.5) | |
| 2 | 11 (7.4) | 8 (19.5) | |
| 3 | 5 (3.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Motzer risk category, n (%) | 0.719 | ||
| Low risk | 18 (12.2) | 4 (9.8) | |
| Intermediate risk | 101 (68.7) | 27 (65.9) | |
| High risk | 28 (19.1) | 10 (24.4) | |
| Data missing | 1 | – | |
| Clinical T stage of the primary tumor, n (%) | 0.727 | ||
| cT1 | 20 (13.5) | 7 (17.5) | |
| cT2 | 38 (25.7) | 12 (30.0) | |
| cT3 | 74 (50.0) | 16 (40.0) | |
| cT4 | 16 (10.8) | 5 (12.5) | |
| Data missing | – | 1 | |
| Median primary tumor size, cm (interquartile range) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 9.3 (7.0–11.75) | 0.603 |
| Clinical N stage, n (%) | 0.011 | ||
| N0 | 84 (56.8) | 23 (56.1) | |
| N1 | 64 (43.2) | 15 (36.6) | |
| NX | 0 (0) | 3 (7.3) | |
| Median no. of metastases at diagnosis (interquartile range) | 4 (2–8) | 3 (1–7) | 0.354 |
| Location of metastases at diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Lungs | 92 (62.2) | 23 (56.1) | 0.030 |
| Liver | 11 (7.4) | 3 (7.3) | 0.980 |
| Bone | 37 (25.0) | 13 (31.7) | 0.426 |
| Brain | 1 (0.6) | 2 (4.9) | 0.323 |
| Cytoreductive approach, n (%) | 0.457 | ||
| Open surgery | 98 (66.2) | 26 (63.4) | |
| Minimally invasive surgery | 50 (33.3) | 15 (36.6) | |
| Median estimated blood loss, ml (interquartile range) | 400 (150–800) | 475 (150–1000) | 0.672 |
| Perioperative complications, n (%) | 41 (27.7) | 6 (14.6) | 0.637 |
| Timing of systemic therapy initiation, n (%) | 0.008 | ||
| Before cytoreductive nephrectomy | 44 (29.7) | 4 (9.8) | |
| After cytoreductive nephrectomy | 104 (70.3) | 37 (90.2) | |
| Median systemic therapy duration, mo (interquartile range) | 6.0 (2.0–12.3) | 8.0 (3.0–18.6) | 0.612 |
| Median follow-up, mo (interquartile range) | 22.3 (12.4–40.0) | 27.0 (12.3–53.6) | 0.696 |
| Disease progression, n (%) | 126 (85.1) | 31 (75.6) | 0.162 |
| Cancer-specific deaths, n (%) | 86 (58.1) | 6 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| All-cause deaths, n (%) | 104 (70.3) | 15 (36.7) | <0.001 |
ECOG PS = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status.