Table 3.
Sustainability dimensions and indicators.
| No | D | Indicators | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Economic | Supply chain risk (E1) | The risk level for all supply chain operations is evaluated by experts using the fuzzy linguistic labels |
| 2 | Sugar production loss (E2)a | The number of potential losses arising from the transformation of sugarcane into sugar. This indicator is calculated by fuzzy inference system using 4 input variable inputs: (1) blotong, (2) bagasse, (2) molasses and (4) potential sugar content loss. | |
| 3 | Fair Profit allocation among stakeholders (E3) | The analysis examines the distribution of profits among stakeholders based on their respective value-added contributions in the production process. This analysis utilizes a previous research scheme proposed by Ref. [66] to ensure a fair allocation of profits. | |
| 4 | Sugarcane price benchmark for farmer (E4) | The actual buying price for farmers' sugarcane, set by mills or middlemen, is compared to the reference price established by the government. This comparison helps assess whether the buying price aligns with the government's recommended price for sugarcane. | |
| 5 | Supply chain Agility (E5) | The ability to meet customer demand in a timely manner and with sufficient capacity. | |
| 6 | Return on investment (E6) | The total sales required to achieve investment goals refers to the level of revenue that needs to be generated to meet the desired return or profit relative to the initial investment. | |
| 7 | Social | Institutional support (S1) | Experts evaluate the institutional facilities and support systems that are responsible for managing and enhancing supply chain performance and sustainability. A fuzzy linguistic label is conducted to assess the indicators. |
| 8 | Supply chain infrastructure support (S2) | the availability and condition of physical infrastructure necessary for supporting supply chain processes and operations. This includes facilities, transportation networks and mode, road condition, and other related infrastructure elements. | |
| 9 | Corporate social responsibility (S3) | The corporate social responsibility impact to communities that are assessed by the stakeholders and experts using fuzzy linguistic labels. | |
| 10 | Waste complaints (S4) | The number of complaints initiated by communities or other stakeholders related to waste that produced by supply chain stakeholders: plantation and mills. | |
| 11 | Local labor employability (S5) | The quantity of local individuals engaged in supply chain operations and production activities. | |
| 12 | Stakeholder partnership (S6) | The count of smallholder sugarcane farmers participating in the partnership program with the mill and supplying their sugarcane to the mill. | |
| 13 | Environmental | Odor and dust disruption (N1) | The extent of disruption caused by mill odor and dust to the communities residing near the agroindustry and supply chain activities. |
| 14 | CO2 emission (N2) | The quantity of electricity generated through the production of sugarcane. | |
| 15 | Noisy level (N3)a | determined by assessing the workplace and open space noise within the mill. This indicator score is generated by FIS model with two variable inputs: (1) workplace noise level and (2) open space noise level. | |
| 16 | Water quality (N4)a | The water quality after undergoing wastewater treatment processes and being discharged into the surrounding environment. This quality is calculated using a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) model with four sub-indicators: (1) total suspended solid, (2) biological oxygen demand, (3) chemical oxygen demand, and (4) sulfide. | |
| 17 | Ambient air quality (N5)a | The air quality surrounding the agroindustry as an impact of supply chain activities on the local community. This indicator is calculated using a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) model with four sub-indicators (1) sulfur dioxide, (2) carbon monoxide, (3) nitrogen dioxide, and (4) dust. | |
| 18 | Solid waste (N6) | The quantity of solid waste generated during the sugar production process. | |
| 19 | Resources | Resource accessibility (R1) | The degree of accessibility to labor resources and supporting materials that facilitate the production process. |
| 20 | Level of sugarcane area conversion (R2) | The extent of land conversion from sugarcane areas to other functions or land uses. | |
| 21 | Labor competency (R3)a | The level of labor competency required to complete work orders efficiently and effectively. | |
| 22 | Raw material quality (R4)a | Evaluates the performance of sugarcane quality, as the main raw materials. This indicator is calculated using two sub-indicators: sugarcane productivity and sugar content. | |
| 23 | Overall recovery (R5)a | Assessed by boiling house recovery and mill extraction | |
| 24 | Raw material availability (R6) | The availability of raw materials meets both the mill's capacity requirements and customer demand. | |
| 25 | Ratoon level (R7) | The level of sugarcane ratoon, with level 3 being considered the optimal level. | |
| 26 | Responsive sugarcane variety availability (R8) | The availability of sugarcane varieties that can support the production of high-quality sugarcane under various land conditions and throughout different seasons. | |
| 27 | The availability of machinery and tools cultivation (R9) | The availability of machinery and tools that support cultivation activities and contribute to improving both the sugar content and productivity of sugarcane. | |
| 28 | Raw sugar technology (R10) | The availability of raw sugar technology refers to the presence of appropriate technology and processes required for receiving raw sugar materials and meeting the capacity of the sugar mill. This technology ensures efficient handling and processing of raw sugar materials to fulfill the operational requirements and production capacity of the mill. |
a
Generated using FIS model.