Table II.

Summary of multi-drug efflux pumps genes, their known variants, and their substrates

Gene	Gene variation(s)	Substrates
AcrAB-TolC	-	Benzalkonium chloride [37]; Chlorhexidine [38]; Triclosan [38]; Cetrimide, Aminoglycosides, Tetracycline [42]; Fluroquinolone [43]
CepA	-	Chlorhexidine [45,46]
oqxAB	-	Hydrogen peroxide [52]; Norfloxacin, Sodium dodecyl sulphate, Ethidium bromide, Acriflavine, Rhodamine G, Benzalkonium chloride [53]
qacE	qacEΔ1	Chlorhexidine [45]; Quaternary ammonium compounds [45]; Benzalkonium bromide [49]
SmvA	ΔsmvA	Chlorhexidine, Cetrimide, Cetyltrimethylammonium, Hexadecylpyridium chloride monohydrate [55]