Table 1.

Patients’ characteristics of the cement embolus, method of the treatment and the outcome

Case no.	Age/sex	Surgery	Embolus	Symptoms	Treatment	Outcome	Paper
1	62/f	Kyphoplasty	Right ventricle	Chest pain	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Prokop et al. [8]
2	84/f	Vertebroplasty	Cement leakage from t10 to l2	Weakness, numbness, and pain in both legs	Removed intradural cement completely	Recovery	Baek et al. [25]
3	52/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium	Syncope	Anticoagulation	Recovery	Pannirselvam et al. [13]
4	73/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle, right pulmonary artery	Asymptomatic	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Dash et al. [26]
5	55/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Dyspnea and edema	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Lim et al. [18]
6	71/f	Vertebroplasty	Right ventricle, right pulmonary artery	Acute respiratory distress	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Arnaiz-garcia et al. [27]
7	64/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery	Progressive dyspnea	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Caynak et al. [28]
8	-/f	Vertebroplasty	Right ventricle	Worsening dyspnea	Thoracotomy	Death	Lee et al. [14]
9	71/m	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium	Chest pain, epigastric pain, diaphoresis, syncope	Percutaneous retrieval	Recovery	Mattis et al. [9]
10	66/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Pleuritic chest pain	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Park et al. [15]
11	65/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Chest pain and collapse	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Son et al. [10]
12	71/m	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium	Chest pain	Percutaneous retrieval	Recovery	Grifka et al. [11]
13	74/f	Kyphoplasty	Right ventricle, right pulmonary artery	Right-sided chest pain, nausea	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Farahvar et al. [16]
14	58/f	Kyphoplasty	Right ventricle, right pulmonary artery	Chest pain, shortness of breath	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Gosev et al. [29]
15	75/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Dyspnea	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Kim et al. [12]
16	66/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Chest pain	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Kim et al. [17]
17	86/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Chest pain and fever	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Moon et al. [30]
18	68/f	Kyphoplasty	Right ventricle	Chest pain and dyspnea, cardiac shock	Thoracotomy and percutaneous retrieval	Recovery	Tran et al. [31]
19	85/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium	Hypotension	Percutaneous retrieval	Recovery	Bose et al. [32]
20	51/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Chest pain and palpitation	Percutaneous retrieval	Recovery	Braiteh et al. [33]
21	70/f	Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Chest tightness	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Sun et al. [19]
22	61/f	Vertebroplasty	Right ventricle	Chest pain and dyspnea	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Krithika et al. [20]
23	-/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium, right ventricle	Unconscious	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Yin et al. [34]
24	56/m	Kyphoplasty	Right atrium	Dyspnea and right-sided chest pain	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Weininger et al. [35]
25	57/f	Vertebroplasty	Right atrium	Left-sided chest pain	Anticoagulation	Recovery	Hatzantonis et al. [24]
26	28/m	Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty	Right ventricle	Chest pain	Thoracotomy	Recovery	Audat et al. [36]