Table 1.
Characteristics of PLHIV on ART according to contributing regions (n = 2120)
| Asia Pacific (N = 197) | Central Africa (N = 573) | CCASAnet (N = 395) | East Africa (N = 190) | Southern Africa (N = 184) | West Africa (N = 581) | Total (N = 2120) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (IQR) (years) | 48 (45, 55) | 51 (46, 56) | 51 (45, 59) | 47 (43, 52) | 50 (44, 54) | 50 (45, 56) | 50 (45, 56) |
| Sex at birth | |||||||
| Male | 104 (52.8) | 248 (43.3) | 284 (71.9) | 55 (28.9) | 66 (35.9) | 182 (31.3) | 939 (44.3) |
| Female | 93 (47.2) | 325 (56.7) | 111 (28.1) | 135 (71.1) | 118 (64.1) | 399 (68.7) | 1181 (55.7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||||
| <25 | 138 (70.1) | 341 (59.5) | 145 (36.7) | 91 (47.9) | 93 (50.5) | 231 (39.7) | 1039 (49.0) |
| 25.0−29.9 | 48 (24.4) | 152 (26.5) | 151 (38.2) | 67 (35.3) | 59 (32.1) | 205 (35.3) | 682 (32.2) |
| ≥30 | 11 (5.5) | 80 (14.0) | 99 (25.1) | 32 (16.8) | 32 (17.4) | 145 (25.0) | 399 (18.8) |
| Central obesity a | |||||||
| No | 67 (34.0) | 298 (52.0) | 135 (34.2) | 61 (32.1) | 78 (42.4) | 201 (34.6) | 840 (39.6) |
| Yes | 130 (66.0) | 275 (48.0) | 260 (65.8) | 129 (67.9) | 106 (57.6) | 380 (65.4) | 1280 (60.4) |
| Hypertension | |||||||
| No | 150 (87.8) | 460 (80.3) | 253 (64.1) | 138 (72.6) | 129 (70.1) | 380 (65.4) | 1510 (71.2) |
| Yes b | 47 (23.9) | 113 (19.7) | 142 (35.9) | 52 (27.4) | 55 (29.9) | 201 (34.6) | 610 (28.8) |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus c | |||||||
| No | 154 (78.2) | 531 (92.7) | 316 (80.0) | 179 (94.2) | 166 (90.2) | 523 (90.0) | 1869 (88.2) |
| Yes | 43 (21.8) | 42 (7.3) | 79 (20.0) | 11 (5.8) | 18 (9.8) | 58 (10.0) | 251 (11.8) |
| Dyslipidaemia | |||||||
| No | 101 (51.3) | 264 (46.1) | 150 (38.0) | 19 (10.0) | 38 (20.7) | 263 (45.3) | 835 (39.4) |
| Yes | 89 (45.2) | 302 (52.7) | 242 (61.3) | 82 (43.2) | 92 (50.0) | 317 (54.6) | 1124 (53.0) |
| Missing | 7 (3.6) | 7 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | 89 (46.8) | 54 (29.3) | 1 (0.2) | 161 (7.6) |
| ALT (IQR) | 21 (15.5, 29) | 21 (16.0, 28) | 28 (21.0, 40) | 20 (15.6, 25) | 23 (17.0, 30) | 20 (16.0, 27) | 22 (16.8, 30) |
| AST (IQR) | 22 (19.4, 29) | 28 (23.0, 34) | 23 (19.3, 29) | 25 (21.4, 29) | 29 (23.0, 36) | 28 (23.0, 34) | 26 (21.0, 33) |
| Positive HBsAg | |||||||
| No | 195 (99.0) | 549 (95.8) | 386 (97.7) | 188 (98.9) | 177 (96.2) | 529 (91.0) | 2024 (95.5) |
| Yes | 2 (1.0) | 24 (4.2) | 9 (2.3) | 2 (1.1) | 7 (3.8) | 52 (9.0) | 96 d (4.5) |
| HCV infection | |||||||
| Anti‐HCV antibodies− | 197 (100.0) | 570 (99.5) | 366 (92.7) | 190 (100.0) | 184 (100.0) | 576 (99.1) | 2083 (98.3) |
| Anti‐HCV antibodies+/HCV RNA− | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) | 15 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) | 19 (0.9) |
| Anti‐HCV antibodies+/HCV RNA+ e | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 6 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.5) | 10 (0.5) |
| Nadir CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count | 185 (101.0, 277) | 182 (94.2, 284) | 171 (61.0, 292) | 174 (108.0, 284) | 228 (126.0, 366) | 190 (96.0, 316) | 185 (95.0, 300) |
| Missing | 3 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 8 | 90 | 111 |
| CD4+ T lymphocyte count f | 516 (339, 692) | 534 (389, 691) | 651 (442, 858) | 409 (273, 600) | 516 (377, 658) | 546 (378, 739) | 540 (374, 729) |
| HIV RNA viral load | |||||||
| Suppressed | 189 (95.9) | 517 (90.2) | 385 (97.5) | 148 (77.9) | 183 (99.5) | 552 (95.0) | 1974 (93.1) |
| Unsuppressed g | 8 (4.1) | 56 (9.8) | 10 (2.5) | 42 (22.1) | 1 (0.5) | 29 (5.0) | 146 (6.9) |
| AUDIT score | |||||||
| <8 h | 192 (97.5) | 521 (90.9) | 329 (83.3) | 179 (94.2) | 136 (73.9) | 508 (87.4) | 1865 (88.0) |
| ≥8 | 5 (2.5) | 52 (9.1) | 66 (16.7) | 11 (5.8) | 48 (26.1) | 73 (12.6) | 255 (12.0) |
| ART exposure at enrolment (IQR) i | |||||||
| Stavudine exposure, months | 47 (30, 72) | 46 (26, 71) | 43 (16, 65) | 46 (24, 77) | 41 (3, 52) | 13 (9.0, 27) | 40 (14, 63) |
| Didanosine exposure, months | 0 (0, 0) | 62 (62, 62) | 25 (13, 49) | 24 (18, 32) | 45 (45, 45) | 23 (16, 24) | 25 (13, 49) |
| Zidovudine exposure, months | 89 (42, 126) | 145 (78, 175) | 77 (29, 125) | 66 (16, 104) | 77 (47, 97) | 91 (34, 107) | 93 (38, 125) |
| Efavirenz exposure, months | 50 (19, 71) | 70 (28, 126) | 90 (37, 140) | 58 (22, 88) | 68 (46, 82) | 30 (13, 67) | 57 (21, 97) |
| Nevirapine exposure, months | 96 (54, 147) | 163 (119, 190) | 18 (9, 42) | 97 (28, 141) | 73 (40, 97) | 90 (36, 118) | 114 (49, 158) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir exposure, months | 0 (0, 0) | 52 (41, 64) | 51 (28, 110) | 66 (15, 94) | 61 (25, 91) | 51 (11, 98) | 53 (23, 94) |
| Atazanavir exposure, months | 54 (38, 74) | 42 (24, 75) | 60 (21, 108) | 50 (29, 55) | 0 (0, 0) | 9 (5, 13) | 33 (11, 74) |
a
Assessed with waist circumference (WC): sub‐Saharan African: males—WC ≥94 cm is high WC/females—WC ≥80 cm is high WC; South East Asia and Southern America: males—WC ≥90 cm is high WC/females—WC ≥80 cm is high WC.
b
Systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or being prescribed anti‐hypertension medication.
c
Assessed with plasma glucose and HbA1c or history of diabetes treatment.
d
85.4% were on TDF, 83.3% were on lamivudine, 64.6% were screened for HBsAg, 42.7% had an HBV infection history and 12.6% have been vaccinated for HBV infection.
e
Eight missing data.
f
Ten missing data.
g
>1000 copies/ml.
h
<7 for females.
i
Cumulative exposure to the listed ART regimens at SRN enrolment visit.