Table 2.
Association between general obesity, metabolic health, and risk of depression
| OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| BMIa and metabolic healthb | Events/N (%) | Age- and sex-adjusted model | Multivariable-adjusted modec |
| Category 1 | |||
| Metabolically healthy nonobese | 129/1,448 (8.9%) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Metabolically unhealthy nonobese | 121/942 (12.8%) | 1.39 (1.06–1.82) | 1.26 (0.95–1.68) |
| Metabolically healthy obese | 59/441 (13.4%) | 1.55 (1.11–2.15) | 1.42 (1.00–2.02) |
| Metabolically unhealthy obese | 99/566 (17.5%) | 1.98 (1.48–2.63) | 1.62 (1.18–2.20) |
| Category 2 | |||
| Metabolically healthy normal weight | 53/601 (8.8%) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Metabolically unhealthy normal weight | 33/297 (11.1%) | 1.18 (0.73–1.86) | 1.16 (0.70–1.90) |
| Metabolically healthy overweight | 76/847 (9.0%) | 1.12 (0.78–1.63) | 1.19 (0.80–1.78) |
| Metabolically unhealthy overweight | 88/645 (13.6%) | 1.64 (1.14–2.38) | 1.51 (1.02–2.25) |
| Metabolically healthy obese | 59/441 (13.4%) | 1.65 (1.11–2.47) | 1.57 (1.03–2.41) |
| Metabolically unhealthy obese | 99/566 (17.5%) | 2.11 (1.48–3.04) | 1.79 (1.22–2.65) |
a
BMI category 1: normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2); BMI category 2: nonobese (BMI 18.5–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).
b
Metabolic health status was based on the presence of metabolic disorders hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.
c
Multivariate model was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cardiovascular diseases, history of psychiatric disorders, and CES-D score at baseline.