Table 4.
Granger causality tests between government users and other types of users for each vaccine attribute.
| Vaccine attribute | Nongovernment users | Professional media | Alternative media | Civil societal organizations | Regular users | ||||||||||
|
|
Outcome variable | Antecedent variable | Outcome variable | Antecedent variable | Outcome variable | Antecedent variable | Outcome variable | Antecedent variable | Outcome variable | Antecedent variable | |||||
| Importance | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 1.410 (5,20) | 1.209 (2,20) | 1.413 (5,20) | 7.192 (5,12) | 2.412 (5,15) | 2.407 (5,15) | 4.111 (5,15) | 1.801 (5,15) | 3.809 (5,15) | 2.259 (5,15) | ||||
|
|
P value | .26 | .32 | .26 | .003 | .09 | .09 | .01 | .17 | .02 | .10 | ||||
| Effectiveness | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 0.449 (2,30) | 3.029 (3,13) | 0.133 (2,30) | 4.391 (3,13) | 0.293 (3,13) | 1.319 (5,9) | 6.264 (3,13) | 0.567 (2,10) | 0.968 (2,30) | 0.858 (2,30) | ||||
|
|
P value | .64 | .07 | .88 | .02 | .83 | .34 | .007 | .58 | .39 | .44 | ||||
| Safety | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 3.817 (3,13) | 3.222 (3,13) | 3.247 (5,15) | 2.565 (5,15) | 0.706 (1,15) | 2.419 (5,15) | 2.923 (3,13) | 4.405 (3,12) | 2.004 (5,15) | 2.912 (3,22) | ||||
|
|
P value | .04 | .057 | .03 | .07 | .41 | .08 | .07 | .03 | .14 | .057 | ||||
| Trust in government | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 2.017 (3,15) | 4.590 (3,13) | 3.270 (3,13) | 3.924 (3,13) | 1.228 (2,20) | 2.296 (3,13) | 2.705 (3,9) | 3.585 (2,10) | 0.304 (2,10) | 3.373 (3,13) | ||||
|
|
P value | .15 | .02 | .055 | .03 | .31 | .12 | .11 | .07 | .74 | .051 | ||||
| Trust in experts | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 3.916 (3,13) | 0.402 (2,20) | 3.753 (2,10) | 1.437 (5,30) | 0.401 (2,20) | 1.146 (2,20) | 15.877 (3,9) | 1.058 (1,22) | 16.639 (5,15) | 4.189 (2,9) | ||||
|
|
P value | .03 | .67 | .06 | .24 | .67 | .34 | .001 | .31 | <.001 | .051 | ||||
| COVID-19 risk | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 0.255 (2,9) | 1.124 (2,30) | 1.890 (2,30) | 5.173 (5,15) | 0.665 (3,3) | 8.769 (5,15) | 2.442 (3,20) | 2.275 (3,20) | 0.655 (2,15) | 0.235 (2,15) | ||||
|
|
P value | .78 | .34 | .16 | .006 | .63 | <.001 | .09 | .11 | .53 | .79 | ||||
| Accessibility | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 0.248 (2,15) | 2.781 (3,13) | 0.045 (2,10) | 1.362 (5,20) | 1.461 (5,15) | 2.963 (5,15) | 1.546 (5,15) | 2.763 (5,10) | 3.343 (5,15) | 2.376 (5,15) | ||||
|
|
P value | .78 | .08 | .96 | .28 | .26 | .047 | .23 | .08 | .03 | .09 | ||||
| Distribution | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 0.756 (2,20) | 0.104 (2,20) | 0.596 (2,20) | 0.283 (2,20) | 0.147 (1,25) | 0.005 (1,15) | 1.264 (1,20) | 0.382 (1,20) | 4.175 (1,25) | 0.458 (1,25) | ||||
|
|
P value | .48 | .90 | .56 | .76 | .70 | .94 | .27 | .54 | .051 | .50 | ||||
| Affordability | |||||||||||||||
|
|
F value (df) | 2.500 (3,13) | 3.851 (3,13) | 0.745 (2,20) | 4.754 (3,13) | 0.479 (2,20) | 0.688 (2,20) | 0.525 (2,20) | 0.495 (2,20) | 6.012 (3,13) | 5.067 (2,20) | ||||
|
|
P value | .10 | .04 | .49 | .02 | .63 | .51 | .60 | .62 | .008 | .02 | ||||