Table 3.

Study information and summary of users’ perspectives and experiences in nonexperimental studies.

Study, year, and country	Study population	Study design	Sample size, N	Female participants, n (%)	Age (y), mean	Mobile technologies examined	Main findings
Al Ansari et al [68], 2023, Saudi Arabia	People aged >15 y	Survey	195	122 (63)	NRa; 40% were aged >40 y	Mobile apps	>50% agreed that the apps they used served all fitness levels. >80% agreed that it was easy to learn how to use the mobile apps. >70% agreed that mobile apps enhanced their knowledge of workouts and physical activity. NSb: between male and female participants and between people aged <40 y and people aged >40 y with respect to perceived usefulness and ease of use, attitudes, experiences, and subjective quality. Participants aged <40 y reported higher perceived ease of use than those aged >40 y.
Altabtabaei and Alhuwail [71], 2021, Kuwait	Students	Interviews	20	NR	NR	Fitness trackers	Participants’ main purposes of use were to lose weight and better understand and increase their physical activity levels. Barriers to adoption included perceived lack of usefulness, lack of knowledge about potential benefits and how to use fitness trackers, and concerns about battery life and data inaccuracy. Participants reported both positive (eg, more confidence) and negative (eg, guilt or stress when failing to achieve their activity goals) feelings associated with using fitness trackers.
Bardus et al [69], 2021, Lebanon	Student athletes	Survey	200	70 (35)	20	Mobile apps and fitness trackers	53% owned a fitness tracker; the main purpose of use was to facilitate self-monitoring. Reasons for discontinued use were loss of interest or technical issues.
Zaman et al [70], 2021, Saudi Arabia	People with sleep problems	Survey	45	23 (51)	NR; 51% were aged 20-30 y	Mobile apps	Participants reportedly improved their physical activity after using a health app (P=.009).

^aNR: not reported.

^bNS: not significant.