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. 2024 Mar 19;26:e53651. doi: 10.2196/53651

Table 4.

Risk-of-bias assessment of the included randomized controlled trials. Green: low risk; yellow: some concerns; red: high risk.

Study, year Randomization process Deviations from intended interventions Missing outcome data Measurement of the outcome Selection of the reported result Overall
Abbaspoor et al [51], 2020 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg
Alghafri et al [43], 2018 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg
Alsaleh et al [53], 2016 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg
Alshahrani et al [49], 2021 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig5.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig5.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig5.jpg
Ansari et al [55], 2022 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg
Eslami et al [50], 2022 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg
Goodarzi et al [54], 2012 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig5.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig5.jpg
Parandeh et al [52], 2019 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg
Quronfulah [42], 2019 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig5.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig5.jpg
Saleh et al [48], 2022 graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig3.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg graphic file with name jmir_v26i1e53651_fig4.jpg