TABLE 2.

Important features of the life history strategy of Eulecanium giganteum.

Life stage	Phenology and relation to host	Other relevant information
Egg	In northern China, oviposition occurs from late April to early May. Eggs hatch in late May (Kondo & Watson, 2022)	The eggs take about 25 days to develop (Kondo & Watson, 2022)
Nymph	In spring, overwintering second‐instar nymphs complete development and new adults appear in May and start reproducing. The number of the hatched crawlers increases rapidly until June (Deng et al., 2016). From June to September, the crawlers feed on leaves, and then in September–October, the second‐instar nymphs move to the branches to overwinter (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022; Kondo & Watson, 2022)	The first‐instar nymphs are mobile (crawlers) while the second instars are sedentary (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022; Tao et al., 2002). The crawlers can be dispersed by the wind, insects or birds (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022; Zhao & Xie, 2004)
Prepupa‐Pupa (males)	Males have four development stages. Prepupa‐pupa stage takes places after the second‐instar male nymph (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022)
Adult	Adults of both sexes emerge and mate from late April to early May (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022)