TABLE 3.
Influence of whole‐thigh, quadriceps and partial‐quadriceps heating on leg haemodynamics.
| Time (min) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | 0 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
| CFA blood flow (l min−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 0.33 ± 0.10 | 0.39 ± 0.13 | 0.45 ± 0.11* | 0.59 ± 0.23* | 0.64 ± 0.20* |
| Quadriceps heating | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.37 ± 0.09 | 0.44 ± 0.16 | 0.48 ± 0.16* | 0.48 ± 0.12*† |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 0.33 ± 0.09 | 0.38 ± 0.13 | 0.41 ± 0.13 | 0.48 ± 0.18* | 0.48 ± 0.14* |
| SFA blood flow (l min−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.11* | 0.30 ± 0.12* |
| Quadriceps heating | 0.17 ± 0.04 | 0.20 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.10 | 0.23 ± 0.07† |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 0.19 ± 0.06 | 0.19 ± 0.6 | 0.21 ± 0.08† |
| PFA blood flow (l min−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.07 | 0.17 ± 0.07* | 0.23 ± 0.09* | 0.25 ± 0.10* |
| Quadriceps heating | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 0.14 ± 0.03† | 0.16 ± 0.04† |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.18 ± 0.05* |
| POA blood flow (l min−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.03 |
| Quadriceps heating | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.03 |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.02 |
| CFA vascular conductance (ml min−1 mmHg−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 2.6* | 7.1 ± 1.9* |
| Quadriceps heating | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 1.7* | 5.4 ± 1.2*† |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 1.6† | 5.1 ± 1.2*† |
| SFA vascular conductance (ml min−1 mmHg−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 1.3* | 3.3 ± 1.2* |
| Quadriceps heating | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 0.6† |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.5† | 2.2 ± 0.8† |
| PFA vascular conductance (ml min−1 mmHg−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.8* | 2.5 ± 1.2* | 2.7 ± 1.0* |
| Quadriceps heating | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5† | 1.8 ± 0.5† |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5† | 1.9 ± 0.4* |
| POA vascular conductance (ml min−1 mmHg−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
| Quadriceps heating | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.3 |
| CFA shear rate (s−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 51 ± 16 | 56 ± 15 | 67 ± 21 | 81 ± 18* | 90 ± 22* |
| Quadriceps heating | 51 ± 15 | 54 ± 13 | 62 ± 17 | 69 ± 20* | 70 ± 17*† |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 48 ± 13 | 55 ± 15 | 57 ± 12 | 68 ± 19* | 69 ± 18* |
| SFA shear rate (s−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 53 ± 19 | 56 ± 16 | 68 ± 20 | 77 ± 24* | 87 ± 30* |
| Quadriceps heating | 56 ± 17 | 59 ± 13 | 57 ± 15 | 69 ± 20 | 68 ± 16 |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 55 ± 14 | 56 ± 13 | 57 ± 11 | 58 ± 14 | 62 ± 20† |
| PFA shear rate (s−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 63 ± 16 | 73 ± 22 | 86 ± 22 | 113 ± 29* | 126 ± 39* |
| Quadriceps heating | 62 ± 17 | 66 ± 14 | 74 ± 16 | 77 ± 19 | 87 ± 29† |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 60 ± 14 | 68 ± 16 | 74 ± 27 | 88 ± 29 | 102 ± 41* |
| POA shear rate (s−1) | |||||
| Whole‐thigh heating | 38 ± 13 | 36 ± 12 | 35 ± 9 | 39 ± 13 | 39 ± 13 |
| Quadriceps heating | 37 ± 8 | 38 ± 8 | 37 ± 5 | 40 ± 9 | 38 ± 8 |
| Partial‐quadriceps heating | 42 ± 9 | 36 ± 10 | 35 ± 7 | 34 ± 8 | 31 ± 9 |
Values are means ± SDs for 11 participants. *Different from baseline, P < 0.05. †Different from whole‐thigh heating, P < 0.05. Abbreviations: CFA, common femoral artery; PFA, profunda femoral artery; POA, popliteal artery; SFA, superficial femoral artery.