Table 4.
Characteristics of the studies evaluating fish intake and fish oil supplements and lipids
| Author | Outcomes | Type of study | Exposure | Results | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alhassan et al., 2017 Atherosclerosis |
Vascular risk factors. Primary outcomes included lipid biomarkers (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, SBP, DBP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, inflammation markers | SR and MA 14 clinical trials and RCTs N = 1378 adults (>18 years) Mean follow up for 9 weeks (4–24 weeks) |
Fish intake-the frequencies for consuming fish ranged from once a week to daily consumption, and portion size of oily fish (most commonly salmon), consumed on a given day ranged from 20 to 500 g. | Interventions on oily fish consumption decreases the levels of TG significantly (mean difference -0.11 mmol/L), 95% CI -0.18 to -0.04 (P = 0.002) compared to control group Interventions on oily fish consumption increase the levels of HDL-C significantly (mean difference 0.06 mmol/L), 95% CI 0.02 to 0.11 (P = 0.008) compared to control group No effect on TC and LDL-C |
Consumption of oily fish improves triglycerides and HDL-C levels |
|
Abdelhamid et al., 2020 Cochrane Database Syst Rev |
TC TG HDL-C LDL-C DBP SBP |
SR and MA 30 RCTs 28 RCTs 30 RCTs 25 RCTs 15 RCTs 17 RCTs |
Fish oil supplementation (mainly), dietary intake Comparing high versus low n-3 LC-PUFA intake |
No effect on TC mean difference -0.01 (95% CI -0.05, 0.03) Decrease TG mean difference -0.24 (95% CI -0.31 to -0.16) Increase HDL-C, mean difference 0.03 (95% CI 0.0.1 to 0.05) No effect on LDL C mean difference 0.01 (95% CI -0.01 to 0.03) |
Fish oil supplementation improves triglycerides and HDL-C levels |
|
Gao et al., 2020 Lipids in health and disease |
Fasting glucose Fasting Insulin HbA1c HOMA-IR HDL-C TG TC LDL- C |
SR and MA 12 RCTs among patients with T2DM (n = 820). |
Fish oil supplementation Doses of EPA+DHA ranged from 0.3 g/day to 10.08 g/g |
Fish oil decreased TG levels by -0.40 (95% CI -0.53 to -0.28) Fish oil increased HDL-C levels by 0.21 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.37) No effect on TC and LDL-C |
Fish oil supplementation improves triglycerides and HDL-C levels |
BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SR, systematic review; MA, meta-analysis; RCT, randomized controlled trial; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.