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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Youth Adolesc. 2023 Nov 28;53(2):284–293. doi: 10.1007/s10964-023-01911-6

Table 2.

Neighborhood Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and NIH Tool Box Executive Function (NIHTBX) with CBCL Outcomes

Black or Hispanic Youth
White Youth
Rule Breaking Behaviors (Year 1 Follow-Up) Social Problems (Year 1 Follow-Up) Rule Breaking Behaviors (Year 1 Follow-Up) Social Problems (Year 1 Follow-Up)



Predictors (baseline) b [95% CI] b [95% CI] b [95% CI] b [95% CI]

1. Sex, male .028** [.011, .046] −.003 [−.021, .015] .028*** [.017, .039] −.001 [−.013, .011]
2. Age .009* [.000, .018] −.001 [−.011, .008] .001 [−.005, .007] −.006 [−.012, .000]
3. CBCL variablea .176*** [.167, .185] .191*** [.182, .200] .161*** [.154, .167] .191*** [.185, .198]
4. Family SES risk index .009 [.000, .018] .002 [−.008, .012] .020*** [.013, .026] .015*** [.008, .022]
5. Neighborhood ADI .009 [.000, .018] .000 [−.010, .010] .006* [.000, .012] −.000 [−.006, .006]
6. NIHTBX exec. function −.009* [−.019, −.000] −.013* [−.023, −.003] −.002 [−.008, .004] −.008* [−.015, −.001]

Conduct Disorder (Year 1 Follow-Up) Depressive Symptoms (Year 1 Follow-Up)



Predictors b [95% CI] b [95% CI] b [95% CI] b [95% CI]

1. Sex, male .024** [.006, .041] .001 [−.018, .020] .022*** [.011, .034] .015* [.003, .028]
2. Age .014** [.006, .023] .005 [−.005, .014] .001 [−.004, .007] −.003 [−.010, .004]
3. CBCL variable .195*** [.185, .205] .179*** [.169, .189] .181*** [.174, .188] .184*** [.177, .190]
4. Family SES risk index .010* [.001, .019] .001 [−.009, .011] .021*** [.014, .027] .012** [.004, .019]
5. Neighborhood ADI .010* [.000, .020] −.006 [−.016, .004] .005 [−.001, .011] .008* [.002, .015]
6. NIHTBX exec. function −.013* [−.022, −.003] −.004 [−.014, .006] −.003 [−.010, .003] −.001 [−.008, .006]

N = 2612; b = unstandardized regression coefficient; CI = confidence interval.

a

The same CBCL variable is utilized at baseline (as a predictor) as the CBCL variable at Year 1; i.e., for rule breaking behaviors, the predictor is baseline rule breaking behaviors.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001.