Table 3.
Sport selection results.
| Outdoor sports in Tokyo Olympics 2020 | Thermal safety guidelines with upper thresholds |
References with core temperature and calculation parameters (number of references and sample size [n]) | Selected sports | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guidelines identified | Index (upper threshold) | Author(s) (*other than IFs) | |||
| Archery | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Athletics (marathon) | T | WBGT (28°C) | ACSM*, IIRM* | T (3, n = 99) | T |
| Baseball/softball | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Beach volleyball | T | WBGT (31°C) | FIVB | F | F |
| Canoe | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Cycling (mountain bike, road, BMX) | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Equestrianism | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Field hockey | T | Ta (42°C)/ RH (75%) |
FIH | F | F |
| Football | T | WBGT (32°C) | FIFA | T (3, n = 38) | T |
| Golf | T | Ta (37°C) | IGF | F | F |
| Modern pentathlon | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Rowing | T | Ta (38°C)/ WBGT (32°C) |
FISA | T (1, n = 4) | T |
| Rugby seventh | T | HIS (150) | World Rugby | T (1, n = 22) | T |
| Tennis | T | WBGT (32.2°C)/ Tap (34°C) |
ITF | T (3, n = 25) | T |
| Triathlon | T | WBGT (32.2°C) | World Triathlon | T (1, n = 14) | T |
| Sailing | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Shooting | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Skateboarding | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Sport climbing | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| Surfing | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
| 3×3 basketball | F | N/A | N/A | N/A | F |
Abbreviations: ACSM, American College of Sports Medicine; FIFA, International Federation of Association Football; FIH, International Hockey Federation; FIVB, International Volleyball Federation; HSI, Heat Stress Index; IGF, International Golf Federation; Ifs, international sports federations; ITF, International Tennis Federation; IIRM, International Institute for Running Medicine; Ta, ambient temperature; UIPM, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne; WBGT, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature; T, True; F, False.