Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Associations Between Characteristics and Contraceptive Use at the Time of Pregnancy Among People with a Recent Live Birth Who Were Not Trying to Become Pregnant When They Conceived in Five States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2012 to 2015 (n = 8,981).

Outcome: Contraceptive Use at the Time of Pregnancy
Characteristics	Unadjusted OR	95% CI	Adjusted OR	95% CI
Ever experienced contraceptive sabotagea
No	Ref.		Ref.
Yes	1.69	1.05, 2.69	1.73	1.06, 2.82
Experienced physical IPV 12 months before pregnancy
No	Ref.		Ref.
Yes	0.79	0.53, 1.18	0.69	0.46, 1.02
Age in years grouped
<20	Ref.		Ref.
20–24	0.82	0.61, 1.10	0.84	0.62, 1.14
25–29	0.77	0.57, 1.02	0.78	0.58, 1.07
30–34	0.74	0.56, 0.99	0.76	0.56, 1.05
35–39	0.67	0.48, 0.94	0.68	0.47, 0.99
40+	0.49	0.31, 0.79	0.51	0.31, 0.83
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	Ref.		Ref.
Non-Hispanic Black	1.19	1.04, 1.38	1.15	0.98, 1.33
Non-Hispanic Asian	1.01	0.76, 1.35	1.03	0.77, 1.38
Non-Hispanic Multiracial	1.05	0.72, 1.53	0.98	0.67, 1.43
Non-Hispanic Otherb	0.88	0.44, 1.80	0.90	0.44, 1.85
Hispanic of any race	0.00	1.11, 1.71	1.43	1.15, 1.79
Education level
Less than high school	Ref.		Ref.
High school	0.92	0.72, 1.18	0.99	0.76, 1.27
Some college or more	0.94	0.76, 1.17	1.12	0.88, 1.43
Currently married
No	Ref.		Ref.
Yes	0.86	0.74, 0.99	0.93	0.79, 1.10
State of residence
Massachusetts	Ref.		Ref.
Maryland	1.22	1.06, 1.40	1.20	1.04, 1.38
Ohio	1.01	0.87, 1.17	1.05	0.90, 1.24
Texas	1.11	0.89, 1.37	1.00	0.81, 1.23
Virginia	0.92	0.69, 1.23	0.93	0.69, 1.25

Note. IPV = intimate partner violence; OR = odds ratio.

^aWith current partner.

^bOther includes other non-White, Hawaiian, and American Indian.